Methodological evaluation of ultrasound-guided modified traumatic catheterization in dogs with suspected urothelial carcinoma.

importanceBladder tumors in dogs, particularly urothelial carcinoma (UC), pose a diagnostic challenge due to overlapping imaging features with benign conditions. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment and prognosis.

objectiveTo assess the effectiveness of a modified traumatic catheterization technique using a 4-hole catheter for cytological sampling in dogs with bladder masses.

methodsFifteen dogs with hematuria and mass-like bladder lesions identified using ultrasonography were included in the study. 15 dogs underwent modified traumatic catheterization using a four-hole catheter created by adding two extra holes to a 6 or 8 Fr feeding tube. The catheter was inserted into the bladder, and cells were aspirated from the lesion under ultrasound guidance. The procedure's efficacy was evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively.

resultsAll 15 cases achieved a 100% cell acquisition rate with high cellularity. The median visualization score was 3/3, the manipulation score was 3/3, and the cellularity score was 2/2. The average procedure time was 8.8 min. Diagnoses included 12 cases of UC and three cases of polypoid cystitis/urinary bladder polyps. No significant adverse effects, including bladder perforation or urethral trauma, were observed. Mild bleeding occurred in some cases but resolved spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Modified traumatic catheterization using a 4-hole catheter is a safe, efficient, and minimally invasive technique for diagnosing UC and other bladder conditions. It is particularly useful for small-sized dogs and those unsuitable for invasive procedures. The enhanced catheter design improves lesion contact and sampling efficiency by offering a valuable tool for veterinary practitioners.