Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40461154›Full record

ArticleStroke and vascular neurology2026

Associations of accelerated biological ageing with incident dementia, cognitive functions and brain structure: a prospective cohort study based on UK Biobank.

Xiaowei Zheng, Wenyang Han, Yiqun Li, Minglan Jiang, Xiao Ren, Pinni Yang, Yiming Jia, Lulu Sun, Ruirui Wang, Mengyao Shi and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Stroke and vascular neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xiaowei ZhengPublic Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4842-4852
Wenyang HanPublic Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
Yiqun LiPublic Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
Minglan JiangPublic Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
Xiao RenPublic Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
Pinni YangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Yiming JiaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3624-7879
Lulu SunDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Ruirui WangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Mengyao ShiDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Zhengbao ZhuDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China zbzhu@suda.edu.cn.
Yonghong ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSeveral small-sample studies have suggested that biological processes of ageing are implicated with dementia and cognitive function. We aimed to prospectively investigate the associations of biological age with incident dementia, cognitive functions and brain structure based on the UK Biobank.

methodsA total of 287 846 participants without dementia at baseline (followed until November 2022) were analysed. We measured biological age from clinical traits using the Klemera-Doubal method Biological Age (KDM-BA) and PhenoAge algorithms. Cox models were applied to evaluate the risk of dementia. Logistic regression models and linear regression models were used to assess the association between cognitive functions and brain structural measures.

resultsDuring a median follow-up of 13.68 years, 4744 incident all-cause dementia (ACD) events (including 3013 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 853 vascular dementia (VaD)) were recorded. Participants with older biological age were at increased risk of incident dementia (HR=1.35, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.48 for KDM-BA acceleration, 1.71 (1.52 to 1.91) for PhenoAge acceleration). Those with the highest level of KDM-BA and PhenoAge acceleration had the highest risk of ACD risk, with the corresponding HR of 1.80 (95% CI 1.60 to 2.03) and 1.19 (1.09 to 1.29), respectively. The associations between biological ageing with AD and VaD were also significant. Furthermore, a higher level of biological age was associated with worse performance in multiple cognitive domains and brain structural measures.

conclusionA higher level of biological age may represent a potential risk factor for incident dementia and is associated with worse performance in multiple cognitive domains and brain structural measures.

Indexed as

AgingAlzheimer DiseaseBrainCognitionDementiaAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsBiological Specimen BanksFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisProspective StudiesCognitive DysfunctionRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID40461154
PMCPMC13019048

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.