Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40460126›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Deciphering decomposition pathways of high explosives with cryogenic X-ray Raman spectroscopy.

Oscar A Paredes Mellone, Michael H Nielsen, Jeffrey Thomas Babicz, John Vinson, Trevor M Willey, Dimosthenis Sokaras

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Advanced synchrotron method reveals early molecular decomposition steps in a high-energy material.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Oscar A Paredes MelloneSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025.ORCID 0000-0002-8711-3985
Michael H NielsenLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551.
Jeffrey Thomas BabiczSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025.
John VinsonMaterial Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.ORCID 0000-0002-7619-7060
Trevor M WilleyLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551.
Dimosthenis SokarasSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025.ORCID 0000-0001-8117-1933

Funding

DOE | NNSA | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) LLNL LDRD 21-ERD-023.DOE | Office of Science (SC) DE-AC02-05CH11231DOE | Office of Science (SC) DE-AC02-76SF00515DOE | Office of Science (SC) DE-AC52-07NA27344
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We employed cryogenic X-ray Raman spectroscopy to investigate the early-stage decomposition of the high explosive molecule hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20). By systematically varying the radiation dose under cryogenic conditions, we induced the decomposition of the molecule using ionizing radiation and observed the evolution of spectral features at the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen K edges. Through extensive first-principles calculations, we identified key intermediates in the early stages of the decomposition process, resulting from C-C and C-N bond cleavage which leads to the opening of the internal cage structure. A detailed analysis of spectral trends and fingerprints provided evidence supporting N-NO

Indexed as

electronic structurehigh explosivesmolecular decompositionradiation damageX-ray Raman spectroscopy

Identifiers

PMID40460126
PMCPMC12167991

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.