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ArticleClinical and experimental nephrology2025

Evaluation of an educational program for community pharmacists involved in pharmacotherapy for patients with impaired renal function: a preliminary study.

Akio Inoue, Yuki Kondo, Tomoko Kondo, Yoichi Ishitsuka

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Article in Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Akio Inoue *Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
Yuki Kondo *Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan. ykondo@kumamoto-u.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-7721
Tomoko KondoDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
Yoichi IshitsukaDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInquiries by community pharmacists to physicians regarding prescriptions for patients with impaired renal function are an important part of pharmaceutical care. However, such inquiries remain infrequent in Japan. To address this, we conducted a study to assess the effects of an educational program aimed at improving pharmacists' understanding of renal function assessment and prescription management.

methodsWe evaluated the changes in knowledge and awareness of pharmacists at 14 community pharmacies. The participants watched five instructional videos between September 12 and 18, 2022, and a questionnaire survey was administered immediately before and after the program. In addition, we analyzed pharmacy-level changes in the number of inquiries made to physicians regarding prescriptions related to renal function. The study was performed from June 6 to December 25, 2022. Changes were evaluated using interrupted time series (ITS) analysis.

resultsA total of 43 pharmacists viewed the educational videos. The median number of correct answers increased significantly from seven before the intervention to nine afterwards (p < 0.001). During the study period, 64 inquiries related to renal function were recorded. ITS analysis showed no significant change in the number of inquiries following the intervention.

conclusionAlthough the educational program improved the knowledge of the pharmacists, it did not lead to an increase in the number of inquiries made to physicians. Further larger scale studies are needed to validate the program's effectiveness.

Indexed as

Community Pharmacy ServicesEducation, Pharmacy, ContinuingPharmacistsRenal InsufficiencyAdultFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansJapanKidneyMaleMiddle AgedProgram EvaluationSurveys and QuestionnairesChronic kidney diseaseCommunity pharmacistEducational programPharmaceutical inquiry

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.