ArticleAdministration and policy in mental health2025
Clinical Supervision Models for Non-specialist Providers Delivering Psychotherapy: A Qualitative Analysis.
Article in Administration and policy in mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating the costs of developing a digital supervision tool for task-shared depression care: findings from a multi-site study in India.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- An evaluation of non-specialist training and delivery of a brief cognitive-behavioral therapy-based transdiagnostic intervention for adolescents with depression and anxiety in Nairobi, Kenya.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Redefining Who Can Deliver Mental Health Interventions: Introduction to the Special Issue on Nontraditional Mental Health Providers to Address Growing Mental Health Needs.Administration and policy in mental health · 2025Article
- Advancing telemedicine and task-sharing to improve access to psychotherapy for perinatal populations.Communications medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Trained non-specialist providers (NSPs), with no formal degree in mental healthcare, can deliver effective psychotherapies for task-sharing. Clinical supervision is important in this process to facilitate quality-assured psychotherapy. We explored three group supervision models within a large, multi-site trial that leveraged NSPs to deliver a brief psychotherapy. In-depth, semi-structured interviews with NSPs (n = 15) explored facilitators and barriers of group supervision models in a stepwise approach, that progressed from expert-led to peer-led, with monthly measurement-based supervision throughout. A focus group on measurement-based supervision was also conducted with clinical experts who provided supervision (n = 4). Qualitative data were analyzed using content and thematic analysis. In expert-led supervision, perceived facilitators among NSPs (n = 15) included educational and professional development (n = 14/15, 93.33%), emotional support (n = 11/15, 77.33%), and expert advice in specific delivery techniques (n = 4/15, 26.67%). A barrier was scheduling (n = 6/15, 40.00%). In peer-led supervision, perceived facilitators among participating NSPs (n = 12) included learning opportunities with peers from diverse backgrounds (n = 10/12, 83.33%), fostering peer connections (n = 9/12, 75.00%), and professional growth (n = 6/12, 50.00%). Barriers included reduced structure (n = 6/12, 50.00%) and attendance (n = 3/12, 25.00%). In measurement-based supervision, reported facilitators included listening to peer's audio-recorded sessions (n = 14/15, 93.33%), receiving and providing feedback (n = 13/15, 86.67%), and the supervision model's structure and tools (n = 5/15, 33.33%). Barriers included low self-ratings (n = 12/15, 80.00%) and initial uncertainty on how to provide constructive feedback (n = 6/15, 40.00%). These facilitators and barriers were also reported by the clinical experts (n = 4). Our results highlight the need to produce clear and concrete guidelines to facilitate peer-led and measurement-based supervision, which will support the implementation of task-sharing.
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Registered trials
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