Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40459707›Full record

ArticleEJNMMI research2025

Augmentation of [

Jeffrey Qiu, Min Chen, Zixin Chen, Corinne Beinat, Stavros Melemenidis, Edward Graves, Jianghong Rao

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in EJNMMI research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jeffrey Qiu *Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Min Chen *Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Zixin ChenDepartment of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Corinne BeinatDepartment of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Stavros MelemenidisDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Edward GravesDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Jianghong RaoDepartment of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. jrao@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5143-9529

Funding

VECTOR COREP30NS069375 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI STEINBERG, GARY K · 2011 to 2019

$6.3M

Stanford Molecular Imaging Scholars (SMIS) ProgramT32CA118681 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CRAIG S LEVIN · 2016 to 2026

$4.3M

Targeting apoptotic cells to enhance radiotherapyR01CA271530 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI RAO, JIANGHONG · 2022 to 2025

$2.8M

National Institute of Cancer R01CA271530NCI NIH HHS R01 CA271530NCI NIH HHS T32 CA118681NINDS NIH HHS P30 NS069375

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPositron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging can monitor cancer treatment response by non-invasively detecting apoptosis in vivo. Signal-to-noise (SNR) remains one of the critical barriers to approval for clinical use. We have previously developed a PET tracer [18 F]-C-SNAT4 for imaging capase-3 activity in apoptotic tumors induced by chemo- and immunotherapy. [18 F]-C-SNAT4 is designed to undergo caspase-3 activated intramolecular cyclization. The product then self-assembles in situ into nanoparticles to generate preferential retention of F18 radioactivity in apoptotic cells. This unique mechanism prompted us to investigate if a cold mixture could enhance the probe retention and further augment the sensitivity for imaging radiotherapy.

results[18 F]-C-SNAT4 and hot/cold mixture [18 F]/[19 F]-C-SNAT4 were used to detect human NSCLC (NCI-H460) apoptosis induced by radiation. Both hot [18 F]-C-SNAT4 and hot/cold mixture [18 F]/[19 F]-C-SNAT4 had significantly increased uptake in radiation treated vs. untreated NCI-H460 cells in vitro. A 1: 80 hot/cold mixture increased signal by 1.6x compared to [18 F]-C-SNAT4 alone. In vivo studies were performed in murine xenograft models in high-dose radiation and low-dose radiation treatment groups. The hot/cold mixture showed an increase in the signal by 2.5x in high-dose radiation treated murine NCI-H460 xenograft models. Low-dose radiation induced apoptosis was only detected with the hot/cold mixture with 2.4x signal compared to hot [18 F]-C-SNAT4. Toxicity and dosimetry safety were evaluated at 250x and 10x respective dosages, then normalized to human dose equivalent.

conclusionA hot/cold mixture of [18 F]/[19 F]-C-SNAT4 generates significantly more signal compared to hot [18 F]-C-SNAT4, leading to higher sensitivity in detecting treatment response. This may present a solution to low sensitivity in the translation of apoptosis-specific radionuclides to clinical application.

Indexed as

ApoptosisCaspase-3Preclinical PET imagingRadiotherapyTumor therapy response

Identifiers

PMID40459707

DOI10.1186/s13550-025-01255-1

PMCPMC12133672

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.