ArticleMolecular biology reports2025
Role of GDF-15 and NRG-1 as predictive markers of coronary artery disease.
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) remains a global health challenge, and its timely diagnosis is still an unmet challenge. This study explores the association of GDF15 -3148 C/G (rs4808793) polymorphism with CAD, along with GDF15 and NRG1 expression levels and their potential as predictors of disease severity.
methodsGenotyping of the GDF15 rs4808793 polymorphism was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in CAD patients and controls. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR, and protein levels were quantified using Western blot and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
resultsThe GDF15 (CG + GG) genotype showed a significant association with CAD (χ² = 15.50, p < 0.0001; OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.36-3.49, p = 0.001). GDF15 mRNA expression was 5.78-fold higher in patients (ΔCt = 0.181 ± 2.0) compared to controls (ΔCt = 2.71 ± 1.7, p < 0.0001). GDF15 protein expression was also significantly elevated in patients (599.4 ± 173.5 pg/ml) than control (312.6 ± 80.28 pg/ml). NRG1 mRNA expression was 7.78-fold higher in patients (ΔCt = 1.90 ± 1.91) compared to controls (ΔCt = 4.47 ± 1.9, p < 0.0001). NRG1 protein levels were also increased in patients (6.52 ± 1.71 ng/ml) compared to controls (3.44 ± 1.16 ng/ml). ROC curve analysis further revealed strong discriminatory power for both markers and a positive correlation with disease severity.
conclusionGDF15 rs4808793 polymorphism and elevated GDF15 and NRG1 expression were significantly associated with CAD and may serve as predictive biomarkers for disease severity and management.
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