Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40459521›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2025

Rational Development of a Novel Emulgel Adjuvant for Single-Shot Effective Vaccination: A Multivariate Analysis Approach.

Ahmed O Shalash, Waleed M Hussein, Ummey J Nahar, Jingwen Wang, Lantian Lu, Armira Azuar, Jolynn J E Kiong, Prashamsa Koirala, Zeinab G Khalil, Istvan Toth

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ahmed O ShalashSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3819-4798
Waleed M HusseinSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Ummey J NaharSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Jingwen WangSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Lantian LuSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Armira AzuarSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Jolynn J E KiongSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Prashamsa KoiralaSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Zeinab G KhalilInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Istvan TothSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nanoemulsions, like MF59, are potent vaccine adjuvants due to their immunogenicity, scalability, stability, and generation of broad cross-clade neutralizing immune responses, facilitating their feasibility for pandemic preparedness. However, they are unsuitable for single-shot applications due to limited immunogenicity with subunit antigens, and need to be explored for key immunogenic formulation variables like surfactant type, antigen anchoring, oil-globule solidification, hydrogel polymer trapping, or globule size. Here, a multivariate analysis approach is used for the first time in adjuvant development, selecting 14 formulations from over 150, each with a unique formulation variable, to evaluate their immunological properties on C57BL/6 mice. Results show that nanoemulsions with hydrogel trapping, smaller globule size, or mannide monooleate cosurfactant significantly enhance immunogenicity, each by 5-to-10 folds over MF59. For the first time, these formulation variables are combined into an "optimized emulgel" that is predicted to maximize immunogenicity after a single shot, model fit gave (R

Indexed as

Adjuvants, ImmunologicAdjuvants, VaccineVaccinationAnimalsEmulsionsFemaleHydrogelsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMultivariate AnalysisSqualeneAdjuvants, ImmunologicAdjuvants, VaccineEmulsionsHydrogelsSqualeneemulgelsglobule sizehydrogel polymer materialsimmune response modelingnanoemulsion adjuvantnanovaccine formulation developmentsurfactant materials

Identifiers

PMID40459521
PMCPMC12369694

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.