Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40458639›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in medicine2025

Ethical framework for responsible foundational models in medical imaging.

Debesh Jha, Gorkem Durak, Abhijit Das, Jasmer Sanjotra, Onkar Susladkar, Suramyaa Sarkar, Ashish Rauniyar, Nikhil Kumar Tomar, Linkai Peng, Sirui Li and 26 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

36 authors.

Debesh JhaMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Gorkem DurakMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Abhijit DasMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Jasmer SanjotraMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Onkar SusladkarMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Suramyaa SarkarMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Ashish RauniyarSustainable Communication Technologies, SINTEF Digital, Trondheim, Norway.
Nikhil Kumar TomarMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Linkai PengMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Sirui LiMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Koushik BiswasMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Ertugrul AktasMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Elif KelesMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Matthew AntalekMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Zheyuan ZhangMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Bin WangMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Xin ZhuMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Hongyi PanMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Deniz SeyithanogluMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Alpay MedetalibeyogluMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Vanshali SharmaMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Vedat CicekMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Amir A RahseparMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Rutger HendrixMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
A Enis CetinDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
Bulent AydoganDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
Mohamed AbazeedDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Frank H MillerMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Rajesh N KeswaniMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Hatice SavasMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Sachin JambawalikarDepartment of Radiology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States.
Daniela P LadnerComprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Transplant Outcomes Research Collaborative (NUTORC), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Amir A BorhaniMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Concetto SpampinatoMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Michael B WallaceMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Ulas BagciMachine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The emergence of foundational models represents a paradigm shift in medical imaging, offering extraordinary capabilities in disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment planning. These large-scale artificial intelligence systems, trained on extensive multimodal and multi-center datasets, demonstrate remarkable versatility across diverse medical applications. However, their integration into clinical practice presents complex ethical challenges that extend beyond technical performance metrics. This study examines the critical ethical considerations at the intersection of healthcare and artificial intelligence. Patient data privacy remains a fundamental concern, particularly given these models' requirement for extensive training data and their potential to inadvertently memorize sensitive information. Algorithmic bias poses a significant challenge in healthcare, as historical disparities in medical data collection may perpetuate or exacerbate existing healthcare inequities across demographic groups. The complexity of foundational models presents significant challenges regarding transparency and explainability in medical decision-making. We propose a comprehensive ethical framework that addresses these challenges while promoting responsible innovation. This framework emphasizes robust privacy safeguards, systematic bias detection and mitigation strategies, and mechanisms for maintaining meaningful human oversight. By establishing clear guidelines for development and deployment, we aim to harness the transformative potential of foundational models while preserving the fundamental principles of medical ethics and patient-centered care.

Indexed as

ethical AIfairnessfoundational modelsmedical imagingresponsible AI

Identifiers

PMID40458639
PMCPMC12128638

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.