ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2025
CPAP caps are associated with restricted head growth and altered skull morphology in newborn infants.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Transient Dip in Head Circumference Growth Trajectories Associated With Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Administration in Very Preterm Infants.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices for preterm infants are commonly affixed using snug-fitting caps. Monitoring of head growth is standard practice in preterm infants, as stagnant head growth has been associated with impaired neurodevelopmental outcome. However, a stagnant head circumference may not mean stagnant head growth since vertical head distortion has been repeatedly observed. Previously established centiles for ear-to-ear distances and head volume indices allow the evaluation of three-dimensional head growth. We hypothesized that CPAP duration may be associated with restricted head circumference gain, altered skull morphology, and possibly neurodevelopment. Patients and methods: All 4590 infants treated with CPAP in the neonatal wards of Leipzig University Medical Center between 2009 and 2020 were included in our study. Body weight, body length, occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC), and transvertical (vEED) and transfontanellar ear-to-ear (fEED) distances were measured repeatedly. Head eccentricity (ECC) (a measure of disproportional head growth) and head volume indices (HVI) were calculated. Anthropometric data were z-transformed. A total of 367 infants were followed up for assessment of neurodevelopmental outcomes using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (third edition). Associations between cumulative cap time and anthropometric data were examined using unconditional growth models with linear mixed effects. Associations between head growth development and neurodevelopmental outcome were examined by correlating individual regression slopes of anthropometric data with Bayley scores. Results: Cumulative cap time was negatively associated with z-scores of OFC ( Conclusion: CPAP caps are associated with vertical and horizontal head growth restriction and altered infant head morphology, as indicated by increasing eccentricity. The correlation of the altered growth pattern with neurodevelopmental outcome was negligible. Our findings have clinical implications for the assessment of head growth development during CPAP therapy.
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