ArticleJournal of telemedicine and telecare2026
The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a virtual Hospital in the Home service for COVID-19 infection: A cohort study and modelled decision analysis.
Article in Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Policy Considerations for National Virtual Hospitals: Global Evidence and the Seha Virtual Hospital Model.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Real-world outcomes from 2,905 episodes of hospital at home care: a propensity-matched cohort study.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Implementation of a Virtual Hospital in the Home Service for Patients With COVID-19 in Queensland, Australia: Mixed Methods Evaluation Using the RE-AIM Framework.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
IntroductionThis paper estimates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a Hospital in the Home (HITH) service using virtual care technology to provide home-based care for COVID-19 patients with moderate symptoms in Queensland, Australia.MethodsA cohort study was conducted to analyse data of all patients admitted to the virtual COVID-19 HITH service between December 2021 and November 2022. A decision tree model was developed to compare of the cost-effectiveness of this service with a hypothetical usual care cohort admitted to a conventional physical ward from the perspective of the Australian health system. Comparator cohort data were sourced from published literature. Base-case analysis employed a 3-month time horizon with an additional lifetime scenario analysis. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were used as the measure of effectiveness. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the model.ResultsThe virtual COVID-19 HITH service saved 15,273 bed days. The cost-effectiveness analysis indicated the virtual COVID-19 HITH model was dominant, resulting in an additional 0.015 QALYs and a cost saving of $201 per patient compared to usual care. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was most sensitive to the cost of operating the virtual HITH. When all uncertainties were considered, there was 74% likelihood that the virtual HITH model of care was cost-effective, assuming a willingness to pay of $28,033/QALY.DiscussionHITH services incorporating virtual care modalities replicating the systems, staffing, and daily routines of a hospital ward are likely to be an effective and cost-effective intervention to expand inpatient care capacity.
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