Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40457443›Full record

Trial reportThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2025

Multisession transcranial direct current stimulation and aerobic exercise synergistically improve food craving symptoms, impulsivity, and cognitive flexibility in women with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

Sahar Malek Khataei, Ehsan Amiri, Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sahar Malek KhataeiExercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Ehsan AmiriExercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. e.amiri@razi.ac.ir.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6120-9252
Daniel Gomes da Silva MachadoResearch Group in Neuroscience of Human Movement (NeuroMove), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe explored the potential synergistic effects of combining multisession anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) with chronic aerobic exercise (AE) on food cravings (FC), impulsivity (IMP), risky decision-making (RDM), and cognitive flexibility (CF) in women with overweight or obesity exhibiting food craving symptoms.

methodsThirty-six women with overweight or obesity and symptoms of food craving (age: 26±6,4 years) were randomly allocated into three groups using permuted block randomization (n = 12 each): (1) a-tDCS + AE, (2) Sham + AE, and (3) Control (no intervention). During Phase 1, the a-tDCS + AE group received five consecutive sessions of a-tDCS, while the Sham + AE group received sham tDCS. In Phase 2, both the a-tDCS + AE and Sham + AE groups completed three sessions of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise per week for four weeks. Outcome measures, including food cravings (FC) and cognitive flexibility (CF), were assessed at baseline, after five days of tDCS, and after four weeks of AE. Follow-up measurements for FC and CF were also conducted one month post-intervention.

resultsFC was lower in the a-tDCS + AE group compared to Sham + AE and Control groups in Phase 1 (Cohen’s d = 1.4 and 1.9, respectively). In Phase 2, a-tDCS + AE and Sham + AE groups showed lower FC than the Control group (d = 3.8 and d = 2.8, respectively), and a-tDCS + AE also showed a lower FC compared to the Sham + AE group (d = 1.5). FC remained lower in the a-tDCS + AE group compared to Sham + AE and Control groups at follow-up (d = 1.7 and d = 2.4, respectively). CF was higher in the a-tDCS + AE compared to Sham + AE and Control groups (d = 2.1 and d = 1.4, respectively) and in the sham + AE (d = 1.0) compared to control in Phase 2. At follow-up, CF was higher only in the a-tDCS + AE group compared to the Control (d = 1.2). IMP scores were higher in the a-tDCS + AE group compared to the other groups in Phases 1 (d = 1.0 and d = 1.4) and 2 (d = 5.4 and d = 1.9). RDM was higher in the a-tDCS + AE compared to the Control group in phase 2 (d = 1.3).

conclusionsMultisession a-tDCS combined with four weeks of moderate AE synergistically reduces food cravings and improves related variables to a greater extent than AE alone, with sustained effects, in women with overweight or obesity and symptoms of food craving.

trial registrationThis study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT id: IRCT20210617051606N7; Registration date: 04.02.2023).

Indexed as

Cognitive FlexibilityCravingExerciseImpulsive BehaviorObesityOverweightTranscranial Direct Current StimulationAdultCognitionFemaleHumansYoung AdultAppetiteCognitive functionLong-term potentiationNon-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS)Physical activityRisky decision-making

Identifiers

PMID40457443
PMCPMC12131640

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.