Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40457352›Full record

SynthesisBMC health services research2025

Health insurance purchase intentions in the past decade: a systematic review and future research directions.

Zhangwei Zheng, Hafizuddin-Syah B A M, Hafizah Omar Zaki, Qin Lingda Tan

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC health services research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Zhangwei ZhengFaculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600 UKM, Malaysia. P118284@siswa.ukm.edu.my.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-9813-4214
Hafizuddin-Syah B A MFaculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600 UKM, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-9432
Hafizah Omar ZakiFaculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600 UKM, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-9534
Qin Lingda TanFaculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600 UKM, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-2435-4184

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealth insurance plays a critical role in reducing financial burdens and improving healthcare access. However, misconceptions about risks and costs often lead to poor decision-making and low coverage, even in major economies. Understanding the factors influencing health insurance purchase intentions is essential for expanding coverage and addressing healthcare disparities. This study systematically reviews these factors to identify key patterns and research gaps.

methodsA systematic review was conducted using the TCM (theory-context-methodology) and ADO (antecedent-decision-outcome) frameworks. Forty-eight studies published from 2014 to 2023 were analyzed to categorize influential factors based on theoretical models, geographic contexts, methodological approaches, and behavioral antecedents, decisions, and outcomes.

resultsA total of 141 influential factors were identified across the reviewed studies, with a steady increase in publications over the decade. The TCM framework revealed the predominant use of the Theory of Planned Behavior, while research focused mainly on China, the United States, and India. The ADO framework highlighted behavioral antecedents as the most significant, followed by individual and financial factors, with purchase intention being the primary decision variable.

conclusionsThis review synthesizes current research on health insurance purchase intentions, identifying significant theoretical fragmentation and geographic disparities. It also provides recommendations for future research to explore underrepresented regions and emerging trends, with implications for expanding health insurance coverage and promoting healthcare equity.

Indexed as

Consumer BehaviorInsurance, HealthIntentionDecision MakingHumansTheory of Planned BehaviorConsumer purchase intentionHealth insuranceInfluencing factorsSystematic reviewTCM-ADO framework

Identifiers

PMID40457352
PMCPMC12131525

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.