Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40457256›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

How does educational attainment affect self-rated health among middle-aged and older adults in China? The role of leisure participation and Hukou system.

Kang Jia, Fang Yuan, Kai-Peng Gan, Yuan-Ni Yang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Kang JiaSchool of Law and Political Science, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China.
Fang YuanSchool of Law and Political Science, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China.
Kai-Peng GanSchool of Law and Political Science, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China.
Yuan-Ni YangSchool of Statistics and Mathematics, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China. 30893397@qq.com.

Funding

The Xingdian Talent Support Program project 41112080006/015
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Amid the global phenomenon of population aging, the health of middle-aged and older adults has become an increasingly critical concern in Chinese society. Drawing on data from the 2021 China General Social Survey (CGSS), this study examines the impact of educational attainment on self-rated health among middle-aged and older adults in China, as well as the mechanisms through which leisure participation and Hukou system (household registration) affect this relationship. The results reveal that leisure participation partially mediates the relationship between education and self-rated health. Furthermore, Hukou system is found to negatively moderate both the direct effect of education on leisure participation and the indirect effect of education on self-rated health through leisure participation. These results provide new understanding of the mechanisms by which education impacts the health of middle-aged and older adults, offering important policy implications for tackling the challenges associated with an aging population.

Indexed as

Diagnostic Self EvaluationEducational StatusHealth StatusLeisure ActivitiesAgedChinaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSelf ReportEducational attainmentHukou systemLeisure participationMiddle-aged and older adultsSelf-rated health

Identifiers

PMID40457256
PMCPMC12128514

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.