Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40456996›Full record

ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2025

Hyaluronic Acid Injection Strategy of Infraorbital and Midfacial Rejuvenation for Women in Southeast China.

Xiao-Hu Zhang, Xi Xu

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Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Xiao-Hu ZhangDepartment of Aesthetic Plastic, Sichuan Meilai Medical Aesthetic Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
Xi XuDepartment of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Shi Jing Shan District, No 33, Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China. xuxi39@outlook.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe infraorbital and midfacial regions are critical aesthetic areas of concern for women. With aging, deformities such as tear troughs, eye bags, palpebromalar grooves, malar festoons, and nasolabial folds gradually appear. Hyaluronic acid injection has become the primary choice for many patients to address aging in the infraorbital and midfacial regions. This study aims to introduce an injection treatment strategy tailored to the facial characteristics of women from southeastern China for the rejuvenation of the infraorbital and midfacial regions.

methodsThis strategy is based on the MD Codes™ framework, taking into account patients' aesthetic demands, facial anatomical characteristics, and preoperative atrophy-bulging-laxity (ABL) system scores. Postoperative outcomes were immediately evaluated using the global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) by both patients and clinicians.

resultsAnalyzing the records of 30 patients who have undergone this treatment strategy, the results demonstrated that 76.7% of patients experienced "very significant improvement" in infraorbital and midfacial aging immediately after treatment, while 23.3% reported "significant improvement." No complications or adverse events were observed during the treatment process or follow-up period.

conclusionsThis injection strategy effectively and safely improves the aging appearance of the infraorbital and midfacial regions in women from southeastern China. Bullet point (3-4 points): Introduce an HA injection treatment strategy tailored to the facial characteristics of women from southeastern China; offering valuable guidance for practitioners performing aesthetic injections; this strategy is suitable for women with underdeveloped midfaces, prominent zygomatic complex, and infraorbital aging. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors   www.springer.com/00266 .

Indexed as

Cosmetic TechniquesHyaluronic AcidRejuvenationSkin AgingAdultChinaCohort StudiesDermal FillersEstheticsFaceFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMiddle AgedPatient SatisfactionRetrospective StudiesDermal FillersHyaluronic AcidFacial characteristicFacial rejuvenationHyaluronic acid filler injectionInfraorbital regionMidfacial regionSoutheastern China

Identifiers

PMID40456996

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.