Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40456860›Full record

ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2025

Suspect screening of bisphenol A (BPA) structural analogues and functional alternatives in human milk from Canada and South Africa.

Zhi Hao Chi, Lan Liu, Jingyun Zheng, Lei Tian, Jonathan Chevrier, Riana Bornman, Muvhulawa Obida, Cindy Gates Goodyer, Barbara F Hales, Stéphane Bayen

Abstract read
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Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Zhi Hao ChiDepartment of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Lan LiuDepartment of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Jingyun ZhengDepartment of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Lei TianDepartment of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Jonathan ChevrierDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Riana BornmanUniversity of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Muvhulawa ObidaUniversity of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Cindy Gates GoodyerMcGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Barbara F HalesDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Stéphane BayenDepartment of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. stephane.bayen@mcgill.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9935-6685

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPlastic-related contaminants, such as bisphenols, can enter the maternal body and be transferred to breast milk. While common bisphenols such as bisphenol A, S, F and AF have been detected in previous studies, there is limited knowledge about the occurrence of other structurally similar compounds in human milk with potential endocrine-disrupting properties.

objectiveIn this study, we investigated structural analogues and functional alternatives of bisphenol A (BPA) in 594 human milk samples collected from Canada (Montreal) and South Africa (Vhembe and Pretoria) using LC-Q-TOF-MS through suspect screening.

methodsSuspect screening was performed using data collected from the milk samples using a customized database library (204 compounds). A retrospective semi-quantitative approach was then applied to estimate the levels of TGSA, D-8 and D-90 in human milk.

resultsThis work revealed the presence of eleven compounds, including four compounds commonly used in thermal labels, four ultraviolet filters, and three synthetic antioxidants or metabolites. Retrospective semi-quantification of D-8, D-90 and TGSA revealed levels of up to 1.24, 1.98, and 0.72 ng/mL in milk, respectively. IMPACT STATEMENT: Several structural analogues and functional alternatives of bisphenol A were identified in human milk through non-targeted screening. Two other phenolic compounds (Irganox 1010 and BHT-COOH) were identified in human milk for the first time. This study highlights the importance of novel strategies in human milk biomonitoring to identify emerging contaminants to which breastfeeding infants are exposed.

Indexed as

Benzhydryl CompoundsEndocrine DisruptorsEnvironmental PollutantsMilk, HumanPhenolsBisphenol A CompoundsCanadaChromatography, LiquidFemaleHumansRetrospective StudiesSouth AfricaBenzhydryl Compoundsbisphenol ABisphenol A CompoundsEndocrine DisruptorsEnvironmental PollutantsPhenolsBiomonitoringChild Exposure/HealthEmerging ContaminantsSuspect screening analysis

Identifiers

PMID40456860

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.