Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40456810›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Eco-friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Equisetum diffusum D. Don. with broad-spectrum antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant potentials.

Nasir Assad, Marzia Batool Laila, Muhammad Naeem Ul Hassan, Muhammad Fayyaz Ur Rehman, Liaqat Ali, Muhammad Mustaqeem, Barkat Ullah, Muhammad Nauman Khan, Majid Iqbal, Sezai Ercişli and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  8. Review
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  13. Article
  14. Biogenic Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles UsingNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Nasir AssadInstitute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
Marzia Batool LailaInstitute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
Muhammad Naeem Ul HassanInstitute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
Muhammad Fayyaz Ur RehmanInstitute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
Liaqat AliInstitute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
Muhammad MustaqeemInstitute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
Barkat UllahDepartment of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
Muhammad Nauman KhanDepartment of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
Majid IqbalKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
Sezai ErcişliDepartment of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.
Abdullah A AlarfajDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad Javed AnsariDepartment of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad, (Guru Jambheshwar University Moradabad), Uttar Pradesh, 244001, India.
Tabarak MalikDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, 378, Ethiopia. tabarak.malik@ju.edu.et.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The present study reports, the eco-friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Equisetum diffusum D. Don. extract, a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic properties. Phytochemicals present in the extract served as reducing and stabilizing agents for synthesizing stable AuNPs with an average size range of 68.8 nm. The biosynthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods, confirming their stability, morphology, and crystalline nature. The green synthesized ED@AuNPs exhibited promising biological activities, including broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with inhibition zones from 24 to 37 mm. The anticancer activity was assessed through an MTT assay against hepatic carcinoma (HePG2) cells, revealing dose-dependent cytotoxicity with maximum inhibition at 200 µg/mL (47.62%). Antidiabetic activity was demonstrated by starch hydrolysis and enzyme kinetics, with significant α-amylase inhibitory activity up to 70.85%, comparable to the standard drug Acarbose. Moreover, antioxidant activity was conformed through FRAP and DPPH assays, indicating strong free radical scavenging activity and reducing ability. The study demonstrates the potential of biosynthesized ED@AuNPs as multifunctional agents with applications in biomedicine, particularly in antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant therapies, offering an eco-friendly and sustainable approach for nanoparticle synthesis.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsAntineoplastic AgentsAntioxidantsEquisetumGoldHypoglycemic AgentsMetal NanoparticlesGreen Chemistry TechnologyHep G2 CellsHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPlant ExtractsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntineoplastic AgentsAntioxidantsGoldHypoglycemic AgentsPlant ExtractsAnticancer activityAntidiabetic activityAntioxidant activityEquisetum diffusumGold nanoparticlesGreen synthesis

Identifiers

PMID40456810
PMCPMC12130309

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.