Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40456775›Full record

ArticleNPJ vaccines2025

Protective efficacy of the pan-fungal vaccine NXT-2 against vulvovaginal candidiasis in a murine model.

Daniel A Wychrij, Taylor I Chapman, Emily Rayens, Whitney Rabacal, Hubertine M E Willems, Kwadwo O Oworae, Brian M Peters, Karen A Norris

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Review
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  8. Article
  9. Innovative antifungal strategies to combat drug-resistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Daniel A WychrijCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Taylor I ChapmanCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Emily RayensCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Whitney RabacalCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Hubertine M E WillemsCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Kwadwo O OworaeCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Brian M PetersDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
Karen A NorrisCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA. kanorris@uga.edu.

Funding

Prevention and Treatment of Pneumocystis PneumoniaR01AI148365 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · PI NORRIS, KAREN A · 2020 to 2024
$3.7M
Candidalysin: a key mediator of Candida vaginitis immunopathologyR01AI134796 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCI CTR · PI Brian M Peters · 2018 to 2026
$2.9M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI134796NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI148365NIH HHS 1R01AI148365NIH HHS RO1AI134796
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the most common clinical manifestation of candidiasis, affecting 75% of women. Despite high incidence rates, increasing drug resistance, and potential teratogenic effects of current treatments, there are no approved fungal vaccines. Previously, we generated a recombinant 'pan-fungal' vaccine candidate, NXT-2, which demonstrated protection against multiple fungal infections including invasive candidiasis. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of NXT-2 against Candida albicans in a murine VVC model. NXT-2 was highly immunogenic, eliciting localized immune responses in the vaginal mucosa. NXT-2 immunized mice had reduced fungal burden and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment into the vaginal lumen following C. albicans challenge compared to sham immunized mice. PMNs in the vaginal lumen of NXT-2 immunized mice were associated with C. albicans hyphae, which was absent in controls. NXT-2 immunization reduces vaginal tissue damage and inflammation, while providing antibody-mediated protection, demonstrating the potential of the vaccine for the prevention of VVC.

Identifiers

PMID40456775
PMCPMC12130295

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.