Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40456488›Full record

Observational studyThe Journal of hospital infection2025

Effects of reminders from Sanibit™ electronic hand hygiene system and incentives on hand hygiene compliance: a prospective, four-phased, observational study.

E C Huang, Q Xu, Y Liu, P Liu, M Kong, J Huang

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in The Journal of hospital infection, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

E C HuangDepartment of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Q XuDepartment of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Y LiuMicrosensor Labs, LLC, Chicago, IL, USA.
P LiuMicrosensor Labs, LLC, Chicago, IL, USA.
M KongDepartment of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
J HuangMicrosensor Labs, LLC, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: jiapeng.huang@louisville.edu.

Funding

A wearable sensor system for hand hygiene compliance trackingR44AG060848 · NIA · MICROSENSOR LABS, LLC · PI LIU, PENG PAUL · 2018 to 2020
$1.7M
A Sensor-based Platform for Hand Hygiene Tracking and AnalysisR43NR017372 · NINR · MICROSENSOR LABS, LLC · PI LIU, PENG PAUL · 2018 to 2018
$225k
NIA NIH HHS R44 AG060848NINR NIH HHS R43 NR017372
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIndividualized reminders and incentives from automated hand hygiene monitoring systems (AHHMSs) might contribute to significant hand hygiene improvement.

aimTo comprehensively evaluate the implementation of the Sanibit™ AHHMS system in the intensive care unit and the impact of these interventions on hand hygiene compliance in a four-phased, prospective trial at a tertiary care hospital.

methodsThe Sanibit monitoring system was installed in a 10-bed neurological intensive care unit. Phase 1: no reminder, cash incentive. Phase 2a: lights only, cash incentive. Phase 2b: lights + vibrations, cash incentive. Phase 3: no reminder, point system incentive. Phase 4: lights + vibrations, point system incentive.

findingsThe accuracy rate detected by the Sanibit, compared with direct observations, was 85.1%. Phase 2a with lights only and cash incentives achieved the most hand hygiene opportunities in the middle of the week. Phase 4 with lights and vibrations reminders and point system incentives achieved the best in terms of total, full, and partial hand hygiene compliance, while phase 2a with lights only and cash incentives had the highest hand hygiene opportunities. Hand hygiene compliance rates of going-out room events were significantly lower than those of going-in room events for quick in-and-out room, while the opposite held true for long in-and-out room events.

conclusionsHand hygiene opportunities, compliance, and patient contact times varied significantly among different reminders/incentives, individual healthcare workers, day of the week and time of the day. Lights and vibration reminders and point system incentives achieved the best hand hygiene compliance.

Indexed as

Guideline AdherenceHand HygieneInfection ControlReminder SystemsHumansIntensive Care UnitsMotivationProspective StudiesTertiary Care CentersAutomated hand hygiene monitoringComplianceHand hygieneInfectionSanibit™

Identifiers

PMID40456488
PMCPMC12321504

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.