ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2025
Pre-clinical studies of Schistosoma mansoni vaccines: A scoping review.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Toward transgenic multicellular parasites: CRISPR-Cas12a germline editing ofScience advances · 2026Article
- Host immune network-guided reverse vaccinology approach for prioritizing candidate antigens in Schistosoma japonicum-associated liver fibrosis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Immunological, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects of Fig and Olive leaves extracts nanoparticles against Schistosoma mansoni in C57BL/6 mice.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Schistosomiasis vaccine SchistoShield® induces functional immune memory responses in US and African populations.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Thiazole as a Promising Scaffold for the Treatment of Schistosomiasis: In Vitro and In Vivo Activity Against Different Developmental Stages ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- From cercariae to chronic inflammation: understanding schistosome infection and host immune responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSchistosomiasis is caused by infection with worms of the genus Schistosoma including S. mansoni. Over 200 million people are infected, sterile immunity does not naturally develop, and no vaccine is available. This could be a critical tool to achieve control and elimination. Numerous candidates have been tested in pre-clinical models, but there is not yet an approved vaccine. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsWe conducted a scoping review using a keyword search on Web of Science and a MeSH term search on PubMed. Articles were screened and included if they tested a defined vaccine candidate in a pre-clinical protection assay against S. mansoni between 1994-2024. Vaccine formulation, study design, and efficacy parameters from all articles were extracted. This data was summarised graphically, with the influence of different parameters appraised. A total of 141 candidate antigens were tested in 108 articles over the last 30 years, with most antigens tested only once and three (Sm-CatB, Sm-p80, and Sm-14) tested over 20 times. The median protective efficacy against worms was 35%. 10 antigens achieved over 60% efficacy, and only two (Sm-p80 and Sm-CatB) over 90%. Large variations in efficacy were observed with all repeatedly tested antigens, likely attributable to differing formulations and study designs. The effect of these varying parameters on the resultant efficacy was evaluated.
conclusionsA few vaccine candidates have achieved promising efficacy in pre-clinical studies. Most vaccines tested however have efficacy that falls short of that required for an impactful schistosomiasis vaccine. The diversity in study designs makes comparing vaccine targets a challenge. Use of consistent and optimized vaccine formulation (including adjuvant and platform) and study design parameters is critical to expedite the development of a schistosome vaccine.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.