Observational studyPloS one2025
Changes in HIV incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-22) compared with the pre-pandemic period (2015-19) in Peru: An observational study.
Observational study in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions affected the screening of sexually transmitted infections. We investigated the incidence of HIV infection during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with incidence in the pre-pandemic period.
methodsIn this observational study, we analyzed HIV surveillance data for all age-groups from 25 geographically diverse regions in Peru from Jan 1, 2015 to Dec 31, 2022. HIV incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020, 2021, and 2022) was compared with pre-pandemic rates (2015-19).
resultsOverall, there were 65,166 new cases of HIV infection from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2022. HIV incidence risk ratio (IRR) was 26% lower in 2020 (IRR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.71-0.76), 5% higher in 2021 (IRR = 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08) and 16% higher in 2022 (IRR = 1.16; CI, 1.13-1.20), compared with the pre-pandemic period. Furthermore, compared with the pre-pandemic period, the annual incidence of HIV among men was 29% lower in 2020 (IRR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.68-0.73), 4% higher in 2021 (IRR = 1.04, 95% CI, 1.01-1.08) and 10% higher in 2022 (IRR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06-1.14). In the age-stratified analysis, the annual HIV incidence in 2020 was 21 and 33% lower for those aged 18-29 (IRR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.75-0.83) and 30-59 (IRR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.64-0.70), respectively, compared with the pre-pandemic period. Finally, annual HIV incidence has decreased in 11 out of 25 regions in 2020, compared with the pre-pandemic period.
conclusionsOur study showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the incidence of HIV infection in the population of Peru decreased. However, this incidence began to return to pre-pandemic rates in 2021, coinciding with the easing or elimination of non-pharmaceutical interventions. By 2022, the incidence of HIV infection was higher than in the pre-pandemic period, especially in regions of the Peruvian Amazon.
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