ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health Literacy, Perception of Health Status, and Access to Healthcare Among Heart Transplant Patients of the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRacial and ethnic disparities in healthcare remain a major challenge. We aim to better characterize and understand the ethnic/racial disparities in health literacy, self-perceived health status, and barriers to healthcare access among heart transplant patients.
methodsThis study utilized data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) All of Us Research Program. Surveys were used to collect sociodemographic data, baseline health status, self-perception of health status, health literacy, and access to healthcare among heart transplant patients. Participants were categorized by race into Black/African-American (BAA), Non-White Hispanic (NWH), and White Caucasian (WC). All data extraction was conducted through the All of Us Researcher Workbench, and statistical analyses were performed using R Studio.
resultsAmong the 565 patients with heart transplantation, there are 131 BAA, 107 NWH, and 327 WC. Socio-economic status varied among our patients with WC reporting higher education and higher annual income and more likely to own a home compared with BAA and NWH (p < 0.05). Furthermore, BAA and NWH reported worse general health status, quality of life, ability to carry out daily physical activity, and usual social role compared to WC (p < 0.05). Compared to WC, NWH reported higher fatigue and pain score, whereas BAA reported higher emotional problems, less social satisfaction, increased difficulty with physical activity, and higher pain score (p < 0.05). A higher proportion of NWH and BAA compared with WC had barriers to healthcare access in the past 12 months (p < 0.05). When asked about difficulty understanding medical information and the need for health material assistance, the WC cohort had higher proportion responding "Never" compared with BAA and NWH (p < 0.05). Similarly, the WC cohort had higher proportion reporting "Extremely" when inquired about medical form confidence compared with BAA and NWH (p < 0.05).
conclusionBAA and NWH had poorer socioeconomic status, perceived their health as worse, reported lower quality of life, and demonstrated lower health literacy compared to WC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.