Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40455254›Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging2025

Connecting the dots: approaching a standardized nomenclature for molecular connectivity in positron emission tomography.

Murray B Reed, Luca Cocchi, Christin Y Sander, Jingyuan Chen, Granville J Matheson, Patrick Fisher, Tommaso Volpi, Nikkita Khattar, Christine DeLorenzo, Gregor Gryglewski and 23 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Human cerebral cortex organization characterized by functional PET-FDG "Metabolic Connectivity".European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026
    Article
  3. High-temporal resolution metabolic connectivity resolved by component-based noise correction.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Eagle eyes on the human brain and beyond: PET at ultra-high spatial resolution.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

Murray B ReedDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Luca CocchiDepartment of Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
Christin Y SanderAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA.
Jingyuan ChenAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA.
Granville J MathesonDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
Patrick FisherNeurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Tommaso VolpiDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Nikkita KhattarDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Christine DeLorenzoDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Gregor GryglewskiDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Leo R SilberbauerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Matej MurgašDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Godber M GodbersenDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Lukas NicsDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Martin WalterDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Marcus HackerDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Alessandra BertoldoPadova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Mark LubberinkNuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Mark SilfsteinDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
R Todd OgdenIrving Medical Center Departments of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
J John MannColumbia University Irving Medical Center Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
Tetsuya SuharaNational Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba, Japan.
Andrea VarroneDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ronald BoellaardDepartment of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Roger N GunnXing Imaging- A Mitro Company, London, UK.
Alexander HammersKing's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, London, UK.
Bharat BiswalDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
Bruce RosenAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA.
Gitte M KnudsenNeurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Richard CarsonDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Julie PriceAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA.
Rupert LanzenbergerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. rupert.lanzenberger@meduniwien.ac.at.ORCID 0000-0003-4641-9539
Andreas HahnDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Funding

Stimulant-induced excitatory and inhibitory dopamine receptor signaling and traffickingR01DA056488 · NIDA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Christin Y. Sander · 2023 to 2026
$2.8M
The neuropharmacology of brain activation during stages of drug abuseDP1DA058360 · NIDA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Christin Y. Sander · 2023 to 2026
$2.0M
Probing the Biophysical Basis of Large-Scale Brain Dynamics Using Simultaneous PET/fMRI and EEG/PET/fMRIR00NS118120 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI CHEN, JINGYUAN · 2023 to 2025
$735k
Quantifying the Brain Metabolism Underlying Task-Based BOLD ImagingR21MH129902 · NIMH · NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY · PI SANDER, CHRISTIN Y., THERIAULT-BROWN, JORDAN EUGENE · 2022 to 2023
$575k
Multi-modal imaging of the metabolic and neurochemical mechanisms underlying task-evoked negative BOLD signalsR21MH135201 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI CHEN, JINGYUAN · 2024 to 2025
$459k
NIDA NIH HHS DP1 DA058360NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA056488NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH129902NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH135201NINDS NIH HHS R00 NS118120
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Positron emission tomography (PET)-based connectivity analysis provides a molecular perspective that complements fMRI-derived functional connectivity. However, lack of standardized terminology and diverse methodologies in PET connectivity studies has resulted in inconsistencies, complicating the interpretation and comparison of results across studies. A standardized nomenclature is thus needed to reduce ambiguity, enhance reproducibility, and facilitate interpretability across radiotracers, imaging modalities and studies. Here, we define and differentiate the terms "molecular connectivity" and "molecular covariance". Drawing parallels from other imaging modalities, we propose "molecular connectivity" as an umbrella term to characterize statistical dependencies between the measured PET signal across brain regions at a within-subject level. Like fMRI resting-state functional connectivity, "molecular connectivity" leverages spatio-temporal associations in the PET signal to derive brain network associations. Conversely, "molecular covariance" denotes group-level computations of covariance matrices between-subjects. Further specification of the terminology can be achieved by including the target of the employed radioligand, such as "metabolic connectivity/covariance" for [

Indexed as

BrainPositron-Emission TomographyTerminology as TopicHumansConsensusFunctional PET (fPET)Metabolic connectivityMolecular covarianceTerminology

Identifiers

PMID40455254
PMCPMC12660352

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.