Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40455102›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2025

Folate intake, tissue levels, and colorectal cancer deaths in a national cohort established before folic acid fortification.

Anunay Bhattachary, Marian Tabi, Jingjing Yin, Logan Cowan, Jian Zhang

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Anunay BhattacharyDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, PO Box 8015, Statesboro, GA, USA.
Marian TabiSchool of Nursing, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA.
Jingjing YinDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, PO Box 8015, Statesboro, GA, USA.
Logan CowanDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, PO Box 8015, Statesboro, GA, USA.
Jian ZhangDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, PO Box 8015, Statesboro, GA, USA. jianzhang@georgiasouthern.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7681-8747

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe relationship between folate and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains inconclusive. To control for the interference from folic acid fortification, we assessed the relationship between folate intake, serum folate, and red blood cell (RBC) folate levels and the risk of CRC death in a cohort established before fortification.

methodsWe analyzed the data of 14,528 adults aged 19 years or older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) as the baseline examination and were followed through December 31, 2006. Hazard ratios (HR) of CRC deaths were estimated for individuals with different folate intake and biomarker levels. Covariates included age, sex, family income, race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, serum cotinine, vitamin supplements, and dietary energy intake.

resultsAfter 192,973 person-years (pys) of follow-up with a mean of 14 years, 78 CRC deaths were recorded. The CRC death rate was 0.75/1000 pys, 0.39/1000 pys, and 0.29/1000 pys for adults with low (lower quarter), moderate, and high (upper quarter) total dietary folate equivalent (tDFE, including both dietary and supplemental intake of folate); the adjusted HR was 0.12 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.45) for adults with high, and 0.51 (0.24, 1.11) for moderate tDFE compared to adults with low tDFE (p for trend = 0.09). Similar trends appeared with statistical significance for serum folate but not for dietary folate intake and RBC folate.

conclusionWith minimum interference from folic acid fortification, high folate intake was found to be associated with a reduced risk of CRC death.

Indexed as

Colorectal NeoplasmsDietFolic AcidFood, FortifiedAdultAgedCohort StudiesDietary SupplementsErythrocytesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysProportional Hazards ModelsFolic AcidColorectal cancerFolateFollow-up studiesMortalityNHANES

Identifiers

PMID40455102

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.