SynthesisClinical cardiology2025
Prevalence and Determinants of Coronary Artery Calcification in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Clinical cardiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of Composite Metabolic Indices and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers with Coronary Atherosclerosis Detected by CT Angiography in Premenopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome.Vascular health and risk management · 2026Article
- Association between coronary artery calcification and cardiometabolic, hepatic, and renal markers in a Chinese population undergoing health examinations.American journal of cardiovascular disease · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a recognized risk factor for coronary artery calcification (CAC), a subclinical marker of atherosclerosis associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. However, the prevalence and determinants of CAC in individuals with MetS have not been comprehensively synthesized. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of CAC and identify associated factors among adults with MetS.
methodsA comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, AJOL, and gray literature through December 2024, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Eligible studies included adults (≥ 18 years) with MetS, defined by established criteria, and reported CAC scores via validated CT imaging techniques. Observational studies and RCTs were included. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Pooled estimates were derived using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed with the I
resultsIn total, 17 studies comprising 20 745 individuals were included. The pooled prevalence of CAC in adults with MetS was 39.8% (95% CI: 28.4%-52.5%), with wide variation across study design, geography, and imaging modality. Males had a higher CAC prevalence (RR: 2.00), and MetS was linked to increased CAC scores (SMD: 0.10) and odds of calcification (OR: 1.34-1.50). Subgroup analyses showed variability by region and CT modality. High CAC scores were associated with elevated cardiovascular event rates.
conclusionCAC affects ~40% of adults with MetS and is associated with higher cardiovascular risk. These findings support the integration of CAC screening in MetS management strategies.
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