Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40454297›Full record

ArticleTransplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation2025

A Retrospective Test-Negative Case-Control Study to Evaluate Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Influenza Among Immunocompromised Adults With a Solid Organ Transplant.

Manon L M Prins, Ernst D van Dokkum, Aiko P J de Vries, Maarten E Tushuizen, Danny van der Helm, Edwin M Spithoven, Irene M van der Meer, J H Marc Groeneveld, Leo G Visser, Saskia le Cessie and 2 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Epidemiology and Clinical Impact of Confirmed Respiratory Viral Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Manon L M PrinsLUCID, Subdepartment of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Ernst D van DokkumDepartment of Public Health and Primary care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Aiko P J de VriesLeiden Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Maarten E TushuizenDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Danny van der HelmLeiden Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Edwin M SpithovenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Breda, Netherlands.
Irene M van der MeerDepartment of Nephrology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands.
J H Marc GroeneveldDepartment of Nephrology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, Netherlands.
Leo G VisserLUCID, Subdepartment of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Saskia le CessieDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Albert M VollaardCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
Geert H GroeneveldLUCID, Subdepartment of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vaccination may prevent influenza in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. This study evaluates the influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in this high-risk population in the Netherlands. We also compared disease progression and 30-day mortality between vaccinated and unvaccinated influenza patients. In this multicenter, test-negative case-control study, SOT recipients with respiratory symptoms were included when tested for viral respiratory infections during the respiratory seasons between 1 January 2013 and 1 July 2024. Cases had a positive influenza PCR, while controls tested negative. Influenza vaccination in cases (74/174) and controls (291/602) were compared after adjusting for potential confounders. VE was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) x 100. The overall VE was 6.9% (95% CI -40.9 to 38.4), with considerable variation across seasons. For those aged ≥65 years, VE was higher (32.4%, 95% CI -56.5-70.8) compared to those aged 18-64 years (4.8%, 95% CI -56.5 to 42.1). The adjusted VE against influenza A [7.5% (-46.0 to 41.3)] was higher than against influenza B (-3.8% (-146.7 to 56.3)). No differences in influenza-related complications were observed between the vaccinated and unvaccinated cases. The observed seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in adult SOT recipients is limited; further investigation for improvement is warranted.

Indexed as

Immunocompromised HostInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesOrgan TransplantationVaccine EfficacyAdolescentAdultAgedCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsRetrospective StudiesTransplant RecipientsInfluenza Vaccinesinfluenzainfluenza vaccinationinfluenza vaccine effectivenessNetherlandssolid organ transplant patients

Identifiers

PMID40454297
PMCPMC12124284

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.