Expression of salivary hepcidin and its inducer, interleukin 6 as well as type I interferons are significantly elevated in infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take in South Africa.

Background: The metabolism of nutritional iron, required by viruses to replicate and proliferate, is regulated by hepcidin, a peptide hormone of 25 amino acids. Overexpression of hepcidin results in iron deficiency anemia (IDA), while its downregulation can lead to an iron overload. Recently, IDA has been highlighted for its role in the impairment of adaptive immunity and poor vaccine effectiveness. Here, we assessed the possible role of IDA in oral rotavirus (RV) vaccine take among South African infants. Methodology: Paired stool and unstimulated saliva were collected from oral RV vaccinated infants, who attended a routine immunization program at Oukasie Healthcare clinic, north of Pretoria, South Africa, to decide vaccine shedders (n = 20) and non-shedders (n = 18). IDA was determined by assaying the salivary hepcidin levels using an ELISA kit, while expression of hepcidin, hepcidin inducer IL-6, Interferon I (IFN I) and IFN-γ were determined by qPCR. Results: There were no significant differences in the average hepcidin levels between vaccine shedders and non-shedders ( Summary: Collectively, our observations suggest a possible role for IDA in impediment of oral RV vaccine take among South African infants.