Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40452862›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the ... AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence2025

A Deployed Online Reinforcement Learning Algorithm In An Oral Health Clinical Trial.

Anna L Trella, Kelly W Zhang, Hinal Jajal, Inbal Nahum-Shani, Vivek Shetty, Finale Doshi-Velez, Susan A Murphy

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the ... AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. SigmaScheduling: Uncertainty-Informed Scheduling of Decision Points for Intelligent Mobile Health Interventions.... International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks. International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks · 2025
    Article
  7. Reinforcement Learning on Dyads to Enhance Medication Adherence.Artificial intelligence in medicine. Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (2005- ) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Anna L TrellaDepartment of Computer Science, Harvard University.
Kelly W ZhangDepartment of Mathematics, Imperial College London.
Hinal JajalDepartment of Computer Science, Harvard University.
Inbal Nahum-ShaniInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan.
Vivek ShettySchools of Dentistry & Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles.
Finale Doshi-VelezDepartment of Computer Science, Harvard University.
Susan A MurphyDepartment of Computer Science, Harvard University.

Funding

Pilot and Mentoring CoreP50DA054039 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI LINDA M COLLINS, SUSAN A MURPHY · 2021 to 2026
$18.2M
TR&D3 - Rapid Translation of AI-powered Temporally Precise mHealth Interventions via Efficient and Embeddable Trustworthy Biomarker ImplementationsP41EB028242 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS · PI Santosh Kumar · 2020 to 2026
$9.5M
Personalized Digital Behavior Change Interventions to Promote Oral HealthUH3DE028723 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI VIVEK SHETTY · 2022 to 2026
$3.8M
Data-driven subtyping in major depressive disorderR01MH123804 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI PERLIS, ROY H. · 2021 to 2024
$3.1M
Novel use of mHealth data to identify states of vulnerability and receptivity to JITAIs SupplementU01CA229437 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI NAHUM-SHANI, INBAL BILLIE, WETTER, DAVID W · 2018 to 2022
$2.8M
Personalized Digital Behavior Change Interventions to Promote Oral HealthUG3DE028723 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI SHETTY, VIVEK · 2019 to 2019
$460k
NCI NIH HHS U01 CA229437NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB028242NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA054039NIDCR NIH HHS UG3 DE028723NIDCR NIH HHS UH3 DE028723NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH123804
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dental disease is a prevalent chronic condition associated with substantial financial burden, personal suffering, and increased risk of systemic diseases. Despite widespread recommendations for twice-daily tooth brushing, adherence to recommended oral self-care behaviors remains sub-optimal due to factors such as forgetfulness and disengagement. To address this, we developed Oralytics, a mHealth intervention system designed to complement clinician-delivered preventative care for marginalized individuals at risk for dental disease. Oralytics incorporates an online reinforcement learning algorithm to determine optimal times to deliver intervention prompts that encourage oral self-care behaviors. We have deployed Oralytics in a registered clinical trial. The deployment required careful design to manage challenges specific to the clinical trials setting in the U.S. In this paper, we (1) highlight key design decisions of the RL algorithm that address these challenges and (2) conduct a re-sampling analysis to evaluate algorithm design decisions. A second phase (randomized control trial) of Oralytics is planned to start in spring 2025.

Identifiers

PMID40452862
PMCPMC12122013

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.