ReviewFrontiers in oncology2025
Geographic diversity of human liver cancers mirrors global social inequalities.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Single-Cell Transcriptomic Integration Identifies LTA4H as an Immune-Associated Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Article
- Integrative systems biology and transcriptomic database analysis (GEPIA2 and TNMplot) uncover HRAS-driven anticancer mechanisms of anthraquinones in liver cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- The extracellular matrix in cancer-associated fibrosis: molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance.JCI insight · 2026Review
- Advancing risk stratification in intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transarterial chemoembolization: the promise of the NTAA model.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of toripalimab and bevacizumab versus sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Preclinical evaluation of gefitinib and betulin-loaded surface functionalized liposomes for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma via asialoglycoprotein receptor targeting.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Epidemiological trends and age-period-cohort analysis of alcoholic liver cancer from 1990 to 2021.Hepatology international · 2026Article
- From Synthesis to Mechanism: Biological Evaluation of a p-Toluidine-Based Thiazolidinone-Quinoline VEGFR-2 Candidate Supported by CADD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis reveals significant associations between Serum DNA repair proteins and liver cancer.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markersArticle
- Robotic Resection of Caudate Lobe Hepatocellular Carcinoma.CRSLS : MIS case reports from SLSArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Liver cancers show high interindividual and intratumor heterogeneity. Among them, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCCs) represents approximately 90% of liver cancers, followed by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA; ~10 to 15%), childhood hepatoblastoma, angiosarcoma and hemangioendothelioma (< 1%). More than 80% of HCCs arise in a backdrop of chronic inflammatory liver diseases of diverse etiologies. These underlying liver diseases are major determinants of geographic diversity of HCCs. Across the world, substantial differences in the prevalence of chronic viral hepatitides, alcohol misuse, Metabolic Disfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and exposure to toxic substances are frequently related to social and economic inequalities. Vulnerable populations are more frequently exposed to infections such as hepatitis B and C viruses that, combined with other risk factors, lead to both vertical and horizontal transmission and, in turn, impact on age and sex-related diversity. In this review, we describe the global landscape of risk factors leading to HCC: MASLD, chronic hepatitis B and C infections, alcohol misuse, exposure to other toxic substances and genetic predispositions. We describe their combined effects on the clinical and epidemiological features of HCCs around the globe. Clinical presentation, incidence and mortality rates of HCCs show therefore great geographic heterogeneity, which is also related to the inequalities in the gross domestic product
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