Three-dimensional cephalometric evaluation of the craniofacial morphology in Korean population utilizing cone-beam computed tomography.

Objective: Advancements in three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology have enhanced the accuracy and efficiency of clinical orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. This study aimed to evaluate craniofacial morphology in a Korean population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images from 120 individuals (60 males and 60 females) were grouped into skeletal Classes I, II, and III types with normodivergence according to the ANB and sella-nasion plane to mandibular plane angles. Measurements of hard and soft tissues were performed in terms of sagittal, vertical, and transverse relationships, including asymmetry analysis and condylar position. The measurements were compared across different skeletal types including between males and females. Results: Intergroup comparisons of hard and soft tissue measurements on 3D cephalograms showed statistical significance for several measurements of the sagittal relationship, occlusal plane angle and palatal depth in the vertical relationship, and maxillary intermolar width in the transverse relationship between Classes I, II, and III groups. Comparisons between skeletal Classes I, II, and III in males and females were consistent with these results. Conclusions: 3D cephalometry can serve as a universal solution to the limitations of traditional two-dimensional cephalometry and decrease unnecessary radiation exposure. This study introduced a new 3D cephalometric measurement and Korean normative data, validating its effectiveness by comparing values across different skeletal malocclusion. These findings offer initial insights into craniofacial structure variations among numerous skeletal types and may prove valuable for future orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and anthropological research using 3D cephalometry.