ArticleSupportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer2025
Incidence and predictors of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment-related cognitive impairment in a racial and ethnic diverse population.
Article in Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07581080 (Biofield Therapy for the Support of Immunotherapy-related Symptoms Among Adult Cancer Patients - A Pilot Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Biofield Therapy for the Support of Immunotherapy-related Symptoms Among Adult Cancer Patients - A Pilot Study
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Self-Reported Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment and Psychosocial Symptom Burden in Survivors of Head and Neck Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals a T Cell-Mediated Microglial Activation Axis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition-Related Adverse Events in the Brain.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Cancer therapy-related cognitive impairment, part 1: an integrative clinical-mechanistic framework from phenotypes to convergent neurobiological pathways.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- Parkinson's Disease: Immunometabolic Control Points Across Neural, Vascular, and Peripheral Systems.Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- The potential of microbiome modulators to improve quality of life in cancer survivors through gut microbiome-immune interactions.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- The impact of illness perception on self-transcendence in gastric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: the chain mediating effect of hope levels and coping styles.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer therapy in recent years. In addition to rejuvenating anti-cancer immunity, ICI may cause immune dysregulation, impacting homeostasis, including brain functions. Thus, the association of ICI with cognitive function needs further investigation. Using NIH's PROMIS system, this study investigates self-reported cognitive impairment within a diverse cohort of ICI-treated patients. Additionally, we explore risk factors influencing self-reported cognitive function, including concurrent symptoms and racial/ethnic background.
methodsThis was a prospective, longitudinal study conducted between July 2021 and June 2023. Included patients were ≥ 18 years old, newly diagnosed with cancer, and scheduled to receive ICI therapy. Serial patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were collected from self-reported patient surveys at therapy initiation and while receiving treatment. Clinically significant cognitive impairment was defined as mild to severe symptoms measured on computer adaptive tests using the PROMIS Bank v2.0 - Cognitive Function. Multi-step analysis utilizing generalized estimating equations (GEE) was implemented to evaluate characteristics associated with cognitive function T-scores.
resultsOur study included 51 ICI patients, with 51% being of Asian or Hispanic descent. Of 126 PROMIS symptom survey sets collected, 16.7% reported clinically significant cognitive impairment, with incidence peaking in survey sets collected 1-2 months removed from therapy initiation at 26.1%. All concurrent PROMIS symptom scores significantly correlated with cognitive function, including physical function (r = 0.33, p < 0.001), fatigue (r = - 0.61, p < 0.001), depression (r = - 0.56, p < 0.001), and anxiety (r = - 0.56, p < 0.001). Multi-variable regression demonstrated impaired physical function (Coef = - 4.01, p = 0.007), fatigue (Coef = - 5.15, p = 0.005), and anxiety (Coef = - 4.45, p < 0.001) are associated with decreased cognitive function scores, after adjusting for other patient characteristics.
conclusionPatients receiving ICI therapy experience significant cognitive impairment with therapy initiation and in subsequent weeks and months during their therapy course. Managing and monitoring concurrent symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers may help identify at risk patients and alleviate cognitive impairments.
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