ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2025
Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Factors of Staphylococcus Aureus Among Camel's Raw Milk in Babile District, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a versatile pathogen that causes diseases. Raw milk is an ideal, rich medium that helps and supports the growth of microorganisms and is highly susceptible to S. aureus immediately after milking. As camel milk was usually consumed in its raw state in pastoralist areas, the contamination and intoxication of raw milk due to pathogenic S. aureus were a public health problem.
objectiveThe study aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiotic resistance pattern, and associated factors of S. aureus in raw camel milk in Babile District, Oromia Region, Eastern Ethiopia.
methodA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Babille district among 350 raw camel milk. Participants were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire, and 25 mL of raw camel milk was collected in sterile screw-capped bottles. S. aureus was identified through culture, Gram stain, and biochemical tests. A bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was done. p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
resultIn this study, the overall prevalence of S. aureus in raw camel milk was 14% (95% CI: 10, 18). Parity [AOR = 3.52, 95% CI: (1.207, 10.277), p = 0.021], drainage condition of the milking place [AOR = 4.62, 95% CI: (1.853, 11.557), p = 0.001], not hand washing before milking [AOR = 3.94, 95% CI: (1.599, 9.716), p = 0.003] and the type of containers used for selling milk [AOR = 8.40, 95% CI: (1.258, 26.068), p = 0.028] were significant predictors of S. aureus. A high level of resistance was recorded against tetracycline (81.6%), penicillin G (81.6%), and amoxicillin (69.4%).
conclusionOverall, the prevalence of S. aureus isolated from raw camel milk of the Babile district was high. Multi-drug resistance among the isolates was also high. Therefore, washing hands and milking containers before milking and using stainless steel containers instead of plastic containers could be applied. Raw camel milk intended for human consumption should be properly transported, stored and subjected to heat treatment. Increasing awareness and creation of the hygienic practice of camel milk handling is paramount. Antibiotics should only be used to treat sick animals based on the diagnosis of the diseases (Supplementary Information).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.