ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2025
Temporally resolved single-cell RNA sequencing reveals protective and pathological responses during herpes simplex virus CNS infection.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Single-cell RNA sequencing offers novel perspectives in viral infection research.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- The cell-type-specific roles of Toll-like receptors in herpes simplex virus infection and pathogenesis.Virulence · 2026Review
- Immune Evasion by Neurotropic Viruses: Molecular Strategies, Cellular Targets, and Consequences for CNS Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Microglia and neuroinflammation: function, heterogeneity, and crosstalk.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Spatial transcriptomics uncovers vasculature-centered cellular interactions driving Japanese encephalitis progression in a mouse model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Role for NF-κB in herpes encephalitis pathology in mice genocopying an inborn error of IRF3-IFN immunity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- NINJ1 blocks HSV-1 entry into macrophages to impact viral replication and immunity.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Single-cell immune landscape of the central nervous system of mice infected with rabies virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The cell-mediated adaptive immune response to herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis: mechanisms and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals T and B cell-related immune features in foot and mouth disease virus-infected mice.Virulence · 2025Article
- Advances in Single-Cell Sequencing for Infectious Diseases: Progress and Perspectives.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHerpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus causing encephalitis and post-infectious complications. Infections can induce a range of acute, subacute, and progressing brain disease, and in recent years it has emerged that immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
methodsMice were infected with HSV-1 through corneal infection, and the brain stem was analyzed using single-cell and GeoMx spatial transcriptomics. Through these technologies we profiled temporal transcriptomic changes in cell populations, pathways, and cell-cell communication associated with antiviral activity and inflammation-induced disturbance of physiological brain structures and activities.
resultsWe found that microglia proportions increased early after HSV-1 infection, followed by monocyte influx and later by T cells. The blood-brain barrier was disrupted, and transcriptomic profiles associated with homeostatic brain transcriptional activities were altered. Early transcriptional responses were dominated by antiviral and inflammatory activities. A microglia subpopulation with high type I interferon and chemokine expression localized to infection sites, likely mediating antiviral defense and immune recruitment. Monocyte subpopulations displayed a broader activation profile than microglia and was a central mediator of crosstalk between immune cells. Cytokines from microglia, monocytes, and T cells reprogrammed brain cells, notably endothelial cells and oligodendrocytes, disrupting brain functions. Comparing datasets from various brain diseases revealed the identified microglia subpopulation as specific to viral infections.
conclusionsThis study identifies a unique population of virus-activated microglia with antiviral and proinflammatory properties and reveals monocytes to be a key driver of interactions driving pathology in the virus-infected brain.
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