Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40449359›Full record

ArticleThe Science of the total environment2025

Evaluating the environmental occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and potential exposure risk for recreational shellfish harvesters in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire.

Christine L Gardiner, Jonathan M Petali, Celia Y Chen, Nathan G Giffard, Sujan Fernando, Thomas M Holsen, Juby R Varghese, Megan E Romano, Kathryn A Crawford

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Science of the total environment, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Christine L GardinerDepartment of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
Jonathan M PetaliEnvironmental Health Program, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, USA; Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.
Celia Y ChenDepartment of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
Nathan G GiffardDepartment of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
Sujan FernandoCenter for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA.
Thomas M HolsenCenter for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA.
Juby R VargheseCenter for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA.
Megan E RomanoDepartment of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
Kathryn A CrawfordEnvironmental Studies Program, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA. Electronic address: kcrawford@middlebury.edu.

Funding

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Marine Fish and Shellfish: A biomonitoring tool for PFAS remediation and a metric for potential human exposure through seafood consumptionR21ES032187 · NIEHS · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI CHEN, CELIA Y, ROMANO, MEGAN E · 2020 to 2021
$434k
NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES032187
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundShellfish may be an important contributor to PFAS exposure from seafood consumption. Yet, shellfish consumption patterns are distinct from other seafood varieties and PFAS exposure via shellfish consumption has not been well studied, especially among recreational harvesters who may be exposed to PFAS through direct consumption of shellfish, incidental ingestion of sediment, and dermal absorption.

methodsCollocated surface water, sediment, and bivalve shellfish samples were collected in the Great Bay Estuary, a prominent estuary in New Hampshire, USA with multiple known PFAS sources. All media were analyzed for 27 PFAS compounds via UPLC-MS/MS. Human health risk of PFAS exposure from recreational shellfish harvesting was estimated for typical and high seafood consumers across multiple exposure routes using available health guidance values.

resultsPFAS were detected in all Great Bay water, sediment, and shellfish samples. PFAS concentrations varied spatially, and profiles varied by media type, with shorter chain compounds found in water and longer chain compounds found in sediment and shellfish. For adults, PFAS exposure risk from recreational shellfish harvesting was greatest from direct consumption of shellfish (>99 % of estimated daily PFAS dose), followed by dermal absorption and incidental sediment ingestion. For children, dermal absorption and incidental ingestion were also important, contributing up to 10 % of estimated daily exposure. PFAS exposure risk from consuming razor clams exceeded the reference hazard quotient of 1 for multiple compounds among the general population that consumes typical or greater amounts of seafood, and among persons of childbearing age and young children who consume high amounts of seafood.

conclusionsHigh frequency recreational shellfish harvesting and consumption may increase exposure to certain PFAS.

Indexed as

Dietary ExposureEnvironmental ExposureEnvironmental MonitoringFluorocarbonsShellfishWater Pollutants, ChemicalAdultAnimalsBaysEstuariesHumansNew HampshireRisk AssessmentFluorocarbonsWater Pollutants, ChemicalBivalvesExposure pathwaysPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)Risk assessmentSeafood consumptionSedimentWater

Identifiers

PMID40449359
PMCPMC12185169

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.