ArticlePediatric cardiology2026
Perioperative Factors Associated with 2-Year Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Neonates Undergoing Congenital Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Single-Center Cohort Study.
Article in Pediatric cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- PreclinicalMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Postoperative arrhythmias and long-term cardiac function in pediatric congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass: a single-center retrospective cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Near-infrared spectroscopy cerebral oximetry in pediatric congenital heart disease with cardiopulmonary bypass: a narrative review of current evidence and neuroprotection.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Advances in neonatal cardiac surgery have significantly reduced mortality rates for complex congenital heart diseases (CHD). However, long-term morbidities, particularly neurodevelopmental (NDV) outcomes, remain a concern. Perioperative factors implicated in NDV delays are less described. This study aimed to assess NDV outcomes at 2 years in a cohort of neonates undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and identify perioperative variables associated with non-optimal NDV. This analysis included neonates from the Loire Infant Follow-up Team (LIFT) cohort who underwent CPB between 2014 and 2021. NDV outcomes were assessed at 24 months using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-2) and/or expert clinical evaluations. Non-optimal NDV was defined as two or more ASQ domains below cut-off values or a clinical diagnosis of neurodevelopmental delay. Of 254 neonates operated on 84 were analyzed. Non-optimal NDV was observed in 11 patients (13.1%), while 65 (77.4%) were classified as having Optimal NDV. Motor and cognitive delays were infrequent (5%), and language delays were observed in 9.5% of cases. No association between major complication during post-operative period and non-optimal NDV was found. Maximal serum lactate levels during the first 72 postoperative hours were significantly associated with non-optimal NDV after adjusting for RACHS category (adjusted odds ratio: 1.41 per mmol/L above 2.2 mmol/L, p = 0.04). Contemporary neonatal cardiac surgery shows encouraging NDV outcomes, with achieving normal development by 2 years. Elevated postoperative lactate levels, used as a surrogate of serious events occurring during the post-operative period, were associated with non-optimal NDV, highlighting the importance of optimizing perioperative care. Larger studies with extended follow-up are needed to validate these findings and explore additional modifiable predictors of long-term outcomes.
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Registered trials
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