Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40448508›Full record

ArticleChild development

Children Strategically Decide What to Practice.

Daniil Serko, Julia Leonard, Azzurra Ruggeri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Child development. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Children Understand How Adults' Achievement Goals Drive Actions.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Daniil SerkoTechnical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2101-5618
Julia LeonardYale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-2721
Azzurra RuggeriTechnical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0839-1929

Funding

Hans Böckler FoundationJacobs FoundationJohn Templeton Foundation 62835Volkswagenstiftung 98572
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adjusting practice to different goals and characteristics is key to learning, but its development remains unclear. Across 2 preregistered experiments, 190 4-to-8-year-olds (106 female; mostly White; data collection: December 2021-September 2022) and 31 adults played an easy and a difficult game, then chose one to practice before a test on either the easy, difficult, or a randomly chosen game. All children adjusted their active practice choices to condition. When the test game was known, they practiced that game. However, when the test game was randomly chosen, only children 6+ and adults practiced the difficult game, while younger children only showed a trending effect. This suggests that the ability to prepare for uncertainty may develop between ages 4 and 6.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentChoice BehaviorPractice, PsychologicalUncertaintyAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolFemaleGames, ExperimentalGoalsHumansMaleMiddle Agedactive learningadaptationpreparednessstudy‐effort allocation

Identifiers

PMID40448508
PMCPMC12379865

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.