Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40448376›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025

Social determinants of health and their impact on depression in family caregivers of those with dementia: The importance of intermediary determinants.

Hannah Cho, Yeji Hwang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Hannah ChoSchool of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-7504-5934
Yeji HwangCollege of Nursing and Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-1513-5242

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDementia family caregivers face a significant burden due to the progressive nature of the disease, which places them at high risk for depression. Because a lack of information is available on the social determinants of health that impact depression, this study investigated this relationship.

methodsThis study was a secondary data analysis using the 2017 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) Round 11 and the National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) Round 4, which included a nationally representative sample of American older adults and their family caregivers. Weighted multivariate logistic regression models were used for data analysis.

resultsAmong 528 family caregivers of persons living with dementia, ≈15.9% had depression. The final logistic regression model showed that intermediary determinants, such as living with a spouse/partner or utilizing a caregiver training program, lowered the likelihood of depression. DISCUSSION: Health care professionals should pay greater attention to these individuals, and caregiver training programs should be made widely accessible and available. HIGHLIGHTS: Approximately 15.9% of dementia family caregivers had depression. Family caregivers who were married or living with a partner were less likely to have depression. Family caregivers involved in caregiving training programs were less likely to have depression.

Indexed as

CaregiversDementiaDepressionSocial Determinants of HealthAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited Statesdementiadepressionfamily caregivershealth disparitiesmental healthsocial determinants of health

Identifiers

PMID40448376
PMCPMC12125482

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.