Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40448356›Full record

ArticleThe Veterinary record2025

Descriptive analysis of national bovine viral diarrhoea test data in England (2016-2023).

Naomi S Prosser, Edward M Hill, Lorna Gow, Massimo Cavallaro, Michael J Tildesley, Matt J Keeling, Jasmeet Kaler, Eamonn Ferguson, Martin J Green

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Veterinary record, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Naomi S ProsserSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-7153
Edward M HillInstitute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Lorna GowBVDFree England Scheme, Coventry, UK.
Massimo CavallaroSchool of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Michael J TildesleyZeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Matt J KeelingZeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Jasmeet KalerSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-7064
Eamonn FergusonSchool of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Martin J GreenSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK.

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/5016341/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/S01750X/1Medical Research Council MR/X018598/1National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit PB-PG-NIHR-200910Pandemic Institute
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) is an endemic disease in the UK. In England, a voluntary control and eradication scheme, BVDFree England, has been running since 2016.

methodsWe analysed test results from 7005 herds that were submitted to BVDFree England between 2016 and 2023 to investigate changes in the prevalence of BVD in participating herds and engagement by farmers since the previously published analysis covering the period up to 2020.

resultsHerds that tested for multiple consecutive years were more likely to be BVD negative in later testing years than when starting. Few herds were still positive after 5 years of testing. Overall, the prevalence of BVD-positive herds in the dataset declined between 2020 and 2023; however, fewer farmers joined the scheme for the first time each year since 2019 (214 in 2023 compared with 2614 in 2019). LIMITATIONS: This dataset represents the herds that submit tests to BVDFree England and is not representative of all cattle herds in England.

conclusionHerds that tested for multiple consecutive years in the scheme were less likely to be BVD positive in later years of testing, and the prevalence of BVD in participating herds has continued to fall since 2020.

Indexed as

Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal DiseaseCattle DiseasesDiarrhea Viruses, Bovine ViralAnimalsCattleDatasets as TopicEnglandEpidemiological ModelsPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID40448356
PMCPMC12447684

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.