ArticleJournal of feline medicine and surgery2025
High-rise syndrome in cats (part 1): epidemiology and risk factors.
Article in Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical Urgency of After-Hours Presentations of Dogs and Cats to a Private Small-Animal Practice in Germany: A Retrospective Study of 4579 Visits.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Case report: Injury plausibility for skull fractures in two kittens.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
ObjectivesHigh-rise syndrome (HRS) is one of the most common causes of trauma in cats; however, significant inconsistencies remain in the literature regarding the relationship between fall height and injury severity, as well as epidemiological patterns, including seasonal variations and architectural risk factors. Given these discrepancies, the aim of the present two-part study was to analyse a substantial population of cats to clarify these unresolved questions, providing a comprehensive assessment of injury patterns, survival rates and risk factors associated with feline high-rise falls.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included 1125 cases of cats treated for HRS at the Freie Universität Berlin's small animal clinic between 2004 and 2013. Eligible cases involved cats falling from at least the second floor of new buildings or the first floor of older buildings. Collected data encompassed breed, sex, age, weight, timing of accident, prior treatment, fall height, impact surface and environmental factors. The first part of this study focuses on epidemiological patterns and risk factors, while the second will analyse injury severity correlations.ResultsEuropean Shorthair cats accounted for 82% of cases, with an average age of 2.3 years and an average weight of 4.1 kg. Falls were evenly distributed between sexes. Seasonal peaks occurred in summer (77%) and most incidents took place at night (62.1%). The average fall height was in the range of 8-15 m, with the majority of cats landing on hard surfaces (74.2%). Repeat incidents (two separate falls) were documented in 1.4% of cases.Conclusions and relevanceThis study, with the largest sample of feline HRS cases, highlights the influence of seasonal, temporal and environmental factors on fall risks. The findings offer a critical basis for preventive strategies, including owner education, use of window barriers and prompt veterinary care, to mitigate the incidence and severity of HRS.
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