ArticleBMC psychiatry2025
Association of planetary health diet index with depression and mortality in the United States.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Health and Environmental Impacts, Safety, and Affordability of the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet: A Multidisciplinary Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The association between a healthy and sustainable diet based on the planetary health diet index (PHDI) and the odds of postmenopausal osteoporosis.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Mindful eating as the next therapeutic frontier in nutritional psychiatry.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association and optimization of the Planetary Health Diet Index with hyperuricemia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Dietary diversity and its associations with sleep quality and chronotype in young and middle-aged adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGiven the changes in global environmental conditions and dietary patterns, understanding the potential impact of dietary factors on the risk of depression is crucial. The Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) is a dietary scoring system that integrates human health and environmental sustainability. This study aims to evaluate the association between the PHDI, the risk of depression, and mortality.
methodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018. Depression was assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with a score ≥ 10 indicating depression. PHDI calculated from 14 self-reported dietary groups, ranges from 0 to 140. Multivariable weight logistic and linear regression explored the association of PHDI with depression and total PHQ-9 score. Cox proportional hazards regression examined PHDI associations with mortality. Additional analyses included restricted cubic spline (RCS), threshold analyses, subgroup analyses, and multiple imputation.
resultsAdjusting for confounding variables, each 10-point increase in PHDI was associated with an 11% lower risk of depression (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84, 0.94), 0.13 score of total PHQ (β=-0.13, 95% CI=-0.18, -0.08), and 17% of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73, 0.95). RCS indicated an inverse L-shaped association between PHDI and depression, and threshold effects analyses showed that the above associations were more significant in those with PHDI ≥ 76.01.
conclusionsAdherence to the PHDI dietary pattern is associated with a reduced risk of both depression and all-cause mortality. PHDI may provide dietary guidance for the early prevention and intervention of depression.
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