Trial reportBMC oral health2025
Impact of toothpaste use on the subgingival microbiome: a pilot randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research Trends in Antimicrobial Oral Hygiene Products, the Oral Microbiome, and Dental Biofilm: A Bibliometric Analysis (2006-2025).Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Diet and nutrition key factors for oral microbiota composition: a systematic review.Food & nutrition research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe subgingival microbiome plays a key role in the gingivitis development, but the impact of toothbrushing with toothpaste on the subgingival microbial composition is not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the microbiological safety and subgingival impact of a toothpaste containing CPC and cymenol, compared to a fluoride-based toothpaste, and assessed overall subgingival microbiome changes after 6 weeks of routine toothbrushing in patients with gingival inflammation.
methodsA 6-week randomized clinical trial was conducted in patients with gingival inflammation allocated to the use of either a toothpaste with cetylpyridinium chloride and cymenol or a toothpaste with sodium monofluorophosphate. Subgingival samples were collected at baseline and after 6 weeks and processed using high-throughput sequencing technology (Miseq®). Diversity metrics were calculated and the microbiome composition was analyzed using PERMANOVA, ANOSIM and PERMDISP.
resultsA total of 116 samples from 60 patients were analyzed. No significant changes in diversity were observed in either group after 6 weeks. Among taxa with > 1% abundance, the toothpaste with cetylpyridinium chloride and cymenol exhibited a higher reduction in Aggregatibacter (p = 0.023) and a significant decrease in Fusobacterium nucleatum (p = 0.030), while the toothpaste with sodium monofluorophosphate showed a significant increase in the phylum Firmicutes (p = 0.033). The relative abundance of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Tannerella forsythia were not affected by either toothpaste (p > 0.05).
conclusionsThe daily use of a CPC/cymenol toothpaste was microbiologically safe, with no negative effects on the composition of the subgingival microbiome in patients with gingival inflammation, when compared to a fluoride-based toothpaste. The overall composition of the subgingival microbiome was not significantly affected by the daily use of either toothpaste after 6 weeks. In both groups, the observed changes affected mainly the low-abundance taxa.
trial registrationRegistration Number: ISRCTN17497809; Registration Date: 12/07/2023 (ISRCTN.org).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.