Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40447985›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2025

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Perceived Healthcare Discrimination and Health Outcomes.

Daniel Sabater Minarim, Kylie M Morgan, Kieran Buckley, Paul Riviere, Carol Ochoa, Leah N Deshler, Elizabeth A Duran, Winta T Mehtsun, Brent S Rose, Matthew P Banegas

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
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  6. Article
  7. Social Marketing for Health Equity: Promoting Preventive Health Behavior Among Women in Rural Communities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Daniel Sabater MinarimCenter for Health Equity Education and Research, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA. dasabaterminarim@health.ucsd.edu.ORCID 0009-0009-8011-2128
Kylie M MorganCenter for Health Equity Education and Research, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Kieran BuckleyCenter for Health Equity Education and Research, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Paul RiviereCenter for Health Equity Education and Research, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Carol OchoaCenter for Health Equity Education and Research, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Leah N DeshlerCenter for Health Equity Education and Research, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Elizabeth A DuranCenter for Health Equity Education and Research, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Winta T MehtsunCenter for Health Equity Education and Research, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Brent S RoseCenter for Health Equity Education and Research, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Matthew P BanegasCenter for Health Equity Education and Research, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Funding

Technology to Empower Changes in Health (TECH) Network Participant Technologies CenterU24OD023176 · OD · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI TOPOL, ERIC JEFFREY · 2016 to 2022
$204.7M
Precision Medicine Initiative Cohort Program BiobankU24OD023121 · OD · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI CEKANOVA, MARIA, CICEK, MINE · 2016 to 2024
$185.5M
Enhancing All of Us Data Resources for Nutrition Precision Health: the All of Us Data and Research CenterU2COD023196 · OD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GLAZER, DAVID, HARRIS, PAUL A. · 2016 to 2022
$143.7M
Adaptive Platform for Personalized EngagementU24OD023163 · OD · VIGNET, INC. · PI JAIN, PRADUMAN · 2017 to 2020
$102.6M
University of Arizona-Banner Health All of Us Research Program OT2OD026549 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI MORENO, FRANCISCO A, REIMAN, ERIC MICHAEL · 2018 to 2023
$78.9M
California Precision Medicine Research Program ConsortiumOT2OD026552 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ANTON-CULVER, HODA A, OHNO-MACHADO, LUCILA · 2018 to 2023
$73.4M
All of Us PennsylvaniaOT2OD026554 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI REIS, STEVEN E, VISWESWARAN, SHYAM · 2018 to 2023
$72.1M
New York City Consortium for Precision MedicineOT2OD026556 · OD · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI BIER, LOUISE E, GHARAVI, ALI G · 2018 to 2023
$67.3M
SouthEast Enrollment Center (SEEC) OT2OD026551 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI CARRASQUILLO, OLVEEN, COLON, VIVIAN · 2018 to 2023
$62.8M
Southern All of Us NetworkOT2OD026548 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI FOUAD, MONA N., KORF, BRUCE R · 2018 to 2023
$60.5M
Illinois Precision Medicine Consortium OT2OD026557 · OD · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI AHSAN, HABIBUL, ARGOS, MARIA · 2018 to 2023
$60.5M
The New England Precision Medicine Consortium of the All of Us Research ProgramOT2OD026553 · OD · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI CLARK, CHERYL RENEE, KARLSON, ELIZABETH W · 2018 to 2023
$58.8M
NIH HHS OT2 OD023205NIH HHS OT2 OD023206NIH HHS OT2 OD025276NIH HHS OT2 OD025277NIH HHS OT2 OD025315NIH HHS OT2 OD025337NIH HHS OT2 OD026548NIH HHS OT2 OD026549NIH HHS OT2 OD026550NIH HHS OT2 OD026551NIH HHS OT2 OD026552NIH HHS OT2 OD026553NIH HHS OT2 OD026554NIH HHS OT2 OD026555NIH HHS OT2 OD026556NIH HHS OT2 OD026557NIH HHS U24 OD023121NIH HHS U24 OD023163NIH HHS U24 OD023176NIH HHS U2C OD023196University of California-San Diego BrightSpinnaker Scholarship
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExperiencing discrimination in the healthcare system may have important implications for health outcomes among racial and ethnic minoritized groups and is a key factor in the disparities observed in healthcare across different races and ethnicities. This study's objective is to examine the relationship between perceived healthcare discrimination and self-reported health status among racial and ethnic minorities.

methodsThis is a cross-sectional analysis of data from the "All of Us" research program. The study uses the Discrimination in Medical Settings Scale and Overall Health Survey to assess healthcare discrimination and health status. Multivariable logistic regression models were used, adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Adults 18 years or older with self-identified racial and ethnic backgrounds who completed surveys on healthcare discrimination and health status were included. Participants identified as Asian, Black or African American (AA), Hispanic or Latino, non-Hispanic White (NHW), Multiracial, and Other.

resultsThe study analyzed data from 92,321 participants, among whom 78% were NHW, Hispanic/Latinos (8%), Black/AAs (7%), and others (7%). Approximately 49% (3070) of Black/AA, 39% (2839) Hispanic/Latinos, and 49% (768) of Multiracial individuals reported experiencing healthcare discrimination, along with 35% (25338) of Whites. Participants who experienced healthcare discrimination had higher odds of self-reported poor health status (aOR 2.19, 95%CI 2.12-2.26). These associations persisted across all analyzed racial and ethnic groups in adjusted models. DISCUSSION: This study highlights the association between perceived healthcare discrimination and poor self-reported health among racial and ethnic minoritized individuals. Implementing strategies to reduce discrimination within the healthcare system, such as cultural humility training for all staff and inclusive healthcare policies, is critical for improving healthcare quality and health equity.

Indexed as

EthnicityHealthcare DisparitiesHealth Status DisparitiesRacial GroupsRacismAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth StatusHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesYoung Adulthealthcare discriminationhealth disparitiesoverall health

Identifiers

PMID40447985
PMCPMC12405135

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.