Nonreciprocal signal growth in space-time modulated transmission lines.

Mohamed F Hagag, Thomas R Jones, Karim Seddik, Dimitrios Peroulis

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Mohamed F HagagElectronic Engineering Department, Military Technical College, Cairo, 11766, Egypt. m.a.fouadhagag@ieee.org.

Thomas R JonesElmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.

Karim SeddikElectronics and Communications Engineering Department, American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.

Dimitrios PeroulisElmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nonreciprocity in space-time modulated photonic crystals has been explored in the context of nonreciprocal propagation and polarization. In this study, we investigate reconfigurable nonreciprocal wave growth in space-time modulated crystals. By imposing an adaptable progressive phase shift between successive time-modulated cells, we induce blue and red shifts in the forward and backward momentum band gaps around the typical normalized growth frequency of 0.5. This spatiotemporal scheme is applied to engineer the dispersion relation of a loaded transmission line-a 1D periodic structure-in the microwave regime. The nonreciprocal wave growth is studied and analyzed under conditions that either allow or forbid backward propagation.

Identifiers

PMID40447678

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-03006-7

PMCPMC12125240

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.