Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40447608›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

A cowpea mosaic virus adjuvant conjugated to liposomes loaded with tumor cell lysates as an ovarian cancer vaccine.

Zhongchao Zhao, Debbie K Ledezma, Jessica Fernanda Affonso de Oliveira, Anthony O Omole, Nicole F Steinmetz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zhongchao ZhaoAiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3736-6677
Debbie K LedezmaAiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Jessica Fernanda Affonso de OliveiraAiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Anthony O OmoleAiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2323-2790
Nicole F SteinmetzAiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0130-0481

Funding

VIRAL MALIGNANCYP30CA023100 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DIANE M SIMEONE · 1985 to 2026
$124.9M
UCSD/SDSU IRACDAK12GM068524 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI TREJO, JOANN · 2003 to 2025
$24.4M
UCSD Cancer Center Training Program in Drug DevelopmentT32CA121938 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Michael Bouvet, Dwayne G. Stupack · 2006 to 2026
$10.3M
Bioprinting Plant Virus Nanoparticles for Immunotherapy and Relapse Prevention of Ovarian CancerR01CA253615 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI CHEN, SHAOCHEN, FIERING, STEVEN · 2020 to 2024
$3.1M
Engineering viral nanoparticles for TLR agonist-based multi-functional cancer immunotherapiesK99CA283299 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ZHAO, ZHONGCHAO · 2024 to 2025
$261k
NCI NIH HHS K99 CA283299NCI NIH HHS P30 CA023100NCI NIH HHS R01 CA253615NCI NIH HHS T32 CA121938NIGMS NIH HHS K12 GM068524U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) K99-CA283299U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) R01-CA253615
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Current treatment options for ovarian cancer are limited to surgery to remove tumor tissues and chemotherapy. Although such treatments could provide a short period of remission, most patients still experience recurrent metastatic diseases. Here we present a nanotechnology-based personalized cancer vaccine that can be administrated to patients during the remission stage to prevent recurrent diseases. Autologous tumor cell lysates (TCL) are intriguing, personalized antigens that could be extracted from surgically recovered tumor tissues from patients containing all neoantigens. As proof of concept, we use TCL isolated from a murine ovarian cancer cell line. TCL are first encapsulated in liposomes (TCL-Lip), which are then attached to cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), a plant virus as a potent adjuvant. Using the ID8-Defb29/Vegf-a-Luc tumor model in female mice, the TCL-Lip-CPMV conjugate vaccine protects mice from tumor challenge by improving antigen processing and presentation, priming an adaptive anti-tumor immunity. Using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, OVA-Lip-CPMV vaccination protects mice from lung metastasis post-surgical removal of the primary B16F10-OVA dermal tumors. This research establishes a platform by combining two nanoparticle technologies into a single formulation for the simultaneous delivery of antigens and adjuvants, advancing the development of cancer vaccines and immunotherapies.

Indexed as

Adjuvants, ImmunologicCancer VaccinesComovirusLiposomesOvarian NeoplasmsAnimalsAntigens, NeoplasmCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansLung NeoplasmsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLOvalbuminAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntigens, NeoplasmCancer VaccinesLiposomesOvalbumin

Identifiers

PMID40447608
PMCPMC12125389

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.