ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2025
Rituximab Use for Relapse Prevention in Anti-NMDAR Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study.
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Symptom evolution, persistence, and pharmacological management in paediatric NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Associated with Ovarian Teratoma: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Fifteen years of autoimmune encephalitis in Denmark: incidence, epidemiology, and trends in treatment.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- A predictive nomogram for relapse risk in children with autoimmune encephalitis.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Neuroimmunology of Epilepsy: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Clinical Insights.Epilepsy currents · 2026Article
- Autoimmune Encephalitis in Acute Care-Pathology, Diagnosis, and Management.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Life-Threatening Bradycardia in Anti-NMDA-Receptor Encephalitis and a Novel Use for Permanent Pacing.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- The Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: Current, Future Therapies, Unmet Need and Patient Management.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- CAR T cell therapy in autoantibody-mediated neurological disorders: a promising strategy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Clinical features and outcomes of anti-NMDAR autoimmune-related central nervous system involvement in patients with teratoma: a retrospective cohort study.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Sequential FcRn blockade and B-cell depletion for treatment-refractory relapsing autoimmune encephalitis: a three-patient case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Brain atrophy in autoimmune encephalitis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis-an update.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Overlapping autoimmune encephalitis with tripartite autoantibody positivity (NMDAR, GFAP, mGluR5) associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Safety and efficacy of combined B-cell depleting therapy and daratumumab in patients with autoimmune encephalitis (RADIA): study protocol for a multicenter, randomized trial.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
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Authors and funding
37 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesRituximab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody used in patients with anti-NMDAR antibody (Ab)-mediated encephalitis as both an acute escalation therapy and a longer term relapse risk-reduction treatment. The potential long-term benefit of a single course administered during the acute disease phase on future relapse risk is uncertain. Moreover, the optimal dosing duration to reduce relapse risk is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single course of rituximab on relapse incidence. We also studied the duration of effect of a course of rituximab in adult patients with anti-NMDAR Ab-mediated encephalitis.
methodsWe recruited 67 patients with anti-NMDAR Ab-mediated encephalitis from 10 Australian hospitals. Rituximab exposure was quantified as a time-varying covariate in Cox proportional hazard models.
resultsA single course of rituximab was associated with longer time to first relapse (hazard ratio [HR] 0.11, 95% CI 0.02-0.70, DISCUSSION: A single course of rituximab reduces the risk of relapse of anti-NMDAR antibody-mediated encephalitis. In select patients for whom redosing of rituximab is considered, administration at 6 months delays relapses. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that rituximab delays relapses in patients with anti-NMDAR antibody-mediated encephalitis.
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