ArticleScience advances2025
Phase-change metal ink with pH-controlled chemical sintering for versatile and scalable fabrication of variable stiffness electronics.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- EGaIn-based liquid-metal electrodes for electronic interfaces and contact engineering.iScience · 2026Review
- A multifunctional porous interface bridging 3D architected electronics with skin.Science advances · 2026Article
- High-performance stretchable conductive film on complex microscale structures via spontaneous fusion of liquid metal.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Liquid Metals for Reconfigurable Bioelectronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- MXene-Assembled Liquid Metal Hybrid Microparticles for Multifunctional and Stretchable Printed Electronics.Nano-micro letters · 2026Article
- Low-Temperature Sintering Inks for Printed Bioelectronics: Materials, Mechanisms, and Emerging Ideas.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Gallium-Based Liquid Metals: From Fundamental Properties to State-of-the-Art Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Construction, Control, and Application of Cyborg Animal Composed of Biological and Electromechanical Systems.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- On-Skin Epidermal Electronics for Next-Generation Health Management.Nano-micro letters · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Variable stiffness electronics represent the forefront of adaptive technology, integrating rigid and soft electronics in a single system through dynamic mechanical modulation. While gallium's high modulus tuning ratio and rapid phase transitions make it ideal for transformative electronic systems (TES), its liquid-state instability, high surface tension, and unintended phase transitions during processing pose substantial challenges. Here, we introduce STiffness-Adjustable temperature-Responsive ink (STAR ink), a chemically sinterable gallium composite electronic ink designed to overcome these obstacles. STAR ink enables high-resolution (~50 micrometers) circuit patterning, large-scale batch fabrication, and three-dimensional structure coating at room temperature. Through pH-controlled chemical sintering, STAR ink-based TES exhibits exceptional mechanical tunability (tuning ratio: 1465) and electrical conductivity (2.27 × 10
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.