ArticlePLoS pathogens2025
Extracellular vesicles from diverse fungal pathogens induce species-specific and endocytosis-dependent immunomodulation.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Probiotic extracellular vesicles reprogram macrophage immunometabolism: From gut crosstalk to host health.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Sex differences in urinary extracellular vesicles originating from the genitourinary system in health and disease.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Review
- A Review of the Therapeutic Challenges and Novel Treatment Options in Mitigating Invasive Mycosis Associated withJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles fromJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fungal extracellular vesicles mediate conserved cross-species communication and immunomodulation.mBio · 2026Article
- Correction: Extracellular vesicles from diverse fungal pathogens induce species-specific and endocytosis-dependent immunomodulation.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Novel perspectives on extracellular vesicles in autoimmune diseases: immunogenicity, inflammation, and immune surveillance.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Article
- Extracellular vesicles produced byExtracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Structural and Functional Insights into Viral and Fungal Proteins Involved in Chronic Inflammation and Their Biologic Treatments.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Human Brain Organoids: A New Model to StudyJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The role of nucleic acid sensors in antifungal immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles from bacteria and fungi: mechanistic insights and implications for urinary tract infections.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of fungal pathogenic DNA-activated STING pathway in biofilms and its implication in dental caries onset.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Update of
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Microbial pathogens generate extracellular vesicles (EVs) for intercellular communication and quorum sensing. Microbial EVs also induce inflammatory pathways within host innate immune cells. We previously demonstrated that EVs secreted by Candida albicans trigger type I interferon signaling in host cells specifically via the cGAS-STING innate immune signaling pathway. Here, we show that despite sharing similar properties of morphology and internal DNA content, the interactions between EVs and the innate immune system differ according to the parental fungal species. EVs secreted by C. albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus are differentially endocytosed by murine macrophages triggering varied cytokine responses, innate immune signaling, and subsequent immune cell recruitment. Notably, polysaccharide and hydrophobic protein structures on the outer layers of C. neoformans and A. fumigatus EVs inhibit efficient internalization by macrophages and dampen innate immune activation. Our data uncover the functional consequences of the internalization of diverse fungal EVs by immune cells and reveal novel insights into the early innate immune response to distinct clinically significant fungal pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.