ArticleSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2025
How Should Youth Handgrip Strength be Normalized? New Insights Using 3-D Allometry with "Generalizable" Norm-Referenced Values, Data from NHANES.
Article in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Physical Fitness Cut-Points for Early Detection of Obesity Risk in Preschool Children.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Article
- Sarcopenia in pediatric gastroenterology and hepatology: an updated review.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2026Article
- Association of aerobic capacity and handgrip strength in obese and non-obese children aged 10-15 years in Riyadh region, KSA-a cross sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Handgrip Strength Reference Values and Compositional Associations with Physical Activity in Early Childhood: A Large Sample Study of Swedish Preschoolers.Sports medicine - open · 2026Article
- Article
- Trends and distributional characteristics in handgrip strength of 1,082,296 children and adolescents in China: an analysis from five representative cross-sectional surveys from 2000 to 2019.BMC public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundHandgrip strength (HGS) is an important marker of health. Using allometric scaling, we previously identified that adult HGS should be normalized by a cross-sectional or surface area measure of body size, although it is unclear whether scaling youth HGS by the same body size dimension is appropriate. We therefore aimed to (1) identify the optimal body size dimension(s) to normalize youth HGS for differences in body size and (2) generate norm-referenced values for HGS using the identified body size dimension(s).
methodsData were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a representative sample of the US non-institutionalized civilian population. Exclusions resulted in a final sample of 4816 youth (51.2% male) aged 6-19 years. Handgrip strength was measured using electronic hand dynamometry. Body size dimensions included body mass, height, and waist circumference. Allometry was used to identify the most appropriate dimension(s) associated with HGS. Population-weighted, sex-stratified generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape were used to develop norms by sex and age. Norms were tabulated as percentile values (3rd to 97th) and visualized as smoothed percentile curves.
resultsPredicting HGS using all three body size dimensions (three-dimensional) resulted in collinearity predominantly owing to the presence of waist circumference, prohibiting the use of all three body size dimensions as normalizers. However, collinearity was not an issue when two of the three dimensions (body mass and height) were adopted. Allometry identified a "generalizable" normalizing ratio as HGS
conclusionsAllometrically scaling HGS by
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