ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2025
Efficacy and safety of local-regional therapy combined with chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors and lenvatinib as first-line treatment in advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cholangiocarcinoma:Unveiling the cold tumor microenvironment and strategies for immune rejuvenation.Oncogene · 2026Review
- Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy for Cholangiocarcinoma in 2025.Liver cancer · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: translating mechanistic insights into clinical advances.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Local-regional therapy plus ICIs, chemotherapy, and lenvatinib versus ICIs plus chemotherapy in advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multicenter study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Case Report: Life-threatening neutropenia with absolute neutrophil count of zero after low-dose regional arterial infusion chemotherapy to lung in a patient with advanced triple-negative breast cancer after multiple lines of treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Salvage resection for FGFR2 fusion-positive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after pemigatinib therapy: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Metabolic collusion driving immune evasion in cholangiocarcinoma: unmasking the dual control of the immuno-metabolic microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundLocal-regional therapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and lenvatinib has shown promising anti-tumor activity in advanced biliary tract cancer. However, the efficacy and safety of integrating local-regional therapy with chemotherapy, ICIs, and lenvatinib in advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remain unclear. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of first-line treatment combining local-regional therapy, chemotherapy, ICIs, and lenvatinib in advanced ICC.
methodsThis multicenter study included 47 advanced ICC patients receiving local-regional therapy (radiotherapy, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, or transarterial chemoembolization) plus chemotherapy, ICIs, and lenvatinib from October 2019 to January 2025. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), adverse events (AEs), and prognostic factors analysis.
resultsThe multimodal therapy demonstrated mPFS of 10.2 months and mOS of 20.2 months. ORR and DCR reached 61.7% and 93.6%, respectively. Conversion surgery was performed in 10.6% (5/47) of patients, with 60.0% (3/5) achieving sustained remission. All patients experienced AEs, with grade 3-4 AEs in 66.0%, primarily including myelosuppression (23.4%), AST or ALT increased (19.1%), fatigue (14.9%), and pain (10.6%). No grade 5 AEs were observed, and all toxicities were manageable. Survival outcomes, tumor response rates, and grade 3-4 AE incidence showed no significant differences among local-regional therapy subgroups. Multivariate analyses identified impaired performance status as an independent predictor of poorer OS.
conclusionsThe combined regimen of local-regional therapy, chemotherapy, ICIs, and lenvatinib exhibited marked efficacy and a tolerable safety profile, establishing it as a viable first-line approach for advanced ICC.
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