ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2025
Race and Ethnicity Moderates the Relationship Between Family Income Level and Allostatic Load Among Adolescents in the United States.
Article in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Investigating associations between allostatic load phenotypes and clinical impairment in youth with chronic pain.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposePeople from low-income households are at risk of high allostatic load (AL) in adulthood, which is linked to poor physical and mental health outcomes. It is unclear how early the income-AL link develops and whether this association differs by race and/or ethnicity. We examined associations of family income with high AL among adolescents and whether race and/or ethnicity modified associations.
methodsCross-sectional, nationally representative data came from 748 US adolescents (aged 12-17 years) who participated in the prepandemic 2017-March 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Family income was measured using poverty-income ratio (PIR) and categorized as low income (PIR <1.0), middle income (PIR 1.0-4.0), and high income (PIR >4.0). AL was derived from 9 biomarkers. Modified Poisson regression models estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) for associations of family income with high AL overall and stratified by race and/or ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic).
resultsNearly 1 in 5 adolescents (19.7%) met the criteria for high AL. Compared to high-income peers, middle-income adolescents had more than twice the prevalence of high AL (PR: 2.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.13-4.13), and low-income adolescents had nearly triple the prevalence of high AL (PR: 2.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.76-5.04). Stratified models observed these associations only for non-Hispanic White adolescents, while for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic youth, associations were attenuated and nonsignificant. DISCUSSION: Higher family income was protective against high AL only for non-Hispanic White adolescents. Minority youth may face additional stressors that diminish the protective effects of higher income.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.